ForwardedApplication · Forwarded Project

CVE-2017-16118

HIGH · 7.5 CVSS v3.0 Published 2018-06-07
Fix available
A fix is available. Upgrade to 0.1.2 or later.
See remediation →
84/100
Remediation priority · High
Remotely reachable No privileges Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
The forwarded module is used by the Express.js framework to handle the X-Forwarded-For header. It is vulnerable to a regular expression denial of service when it's passed specially crafted input to parse. This causes the event loop to be blocked causing a denial of service condition.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · high confidence

The 'forwarded' npm module used by Express.js to parse X-Forwarded-For headers is vulnerable to a regular expression denial of service (ReDoS) attack. Specially crafted input to the parser causes the regex engine to take excessively long processing time, blocking the Node.js event loop and causing denial of service.

MitigationUpdate the 'forwarded' module to a patched version that addresses the ReDoS vulnerability. Alternatively, upgrade Express.js to a version that includes the patched dependency.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

Affected products & versions What the vendor confirmedThe version ranges the vendor confirmed as vulnerable. If your version sits inside a range here, treat yourself as exposed until you have upgraded.

NVD · CPE data
ForwardedApplication
Affected:< 0.1.2

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High

CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Check if the forwarded module is installed
    Run 'npm list forwarded' in your project directory to see if the forwarded package is listed as a dependency
    Affected if The forwarded package appears in the dependency tree
  2. Determine the installed version of forwarded
    Run 'npm list forwarded version' or check your package-lock.json file for the 'forwarded' package version number
    Affected if The version number is less than 0.1.2 (e.g., 0.1.1, 0.1.0, etc.)
  3. Check if Express.js uses the forwarded module
    Run 'npm list express' and 'npm why forwarded' to confirm that Express depends on the forwarded package, or inspect the express package.json dependencies
    Affected if Express.js is using the vulnerable forwarded module as a dependency
  4. Verify X-Forwarded-For header parsing is in use
    Inspect your application code for usage of Express 'trust proxy' setting or direct use of the forwarded module to parse X-Forwarded-For headers
    Affected if Your application configures Express trust proxy settings or explicitly parses X-Forwarded-For headers, enabling the vulnerable code path

Your environment is affected if the forwarded module version is below 0.1.2 AND your application uses Express with proxy trust settings or parses X-Forwarded-For headers.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

From vendor data
Upgrade available Upgrade to 0.1.2 or later
Fixed in 0.1.2
Interim mitigation

Update the 'forwarded' module to a patched version that addresses the ReDoS vulnerability. Alternatively, upgrade Express.js to a version that includes the patched dependency.

Fix this in Forwarded Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation1.0 h
  • Implementation1.0 h
  • Testing2.0 h
  • Review / QA1.0 h
5.0 hours of engineering $860
Get the upgrade done

An estimate, not a bill — we confirm scope with you before any work starts. Need it this week? Rush from $1,376.

Scan for this in your stack

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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2017-16118 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
  • No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
  • No spam, self-promotion, credentials, or personal data