EximApplication

CVE-2020-28017

CRITICAL · 9.8 CVSS v3.1 Published 2021-05-06
Fix available
A fix is available. Upgrade to 4.94.1 or later.
See remediation →
100/100
Remediation priority · Urgent
Remotely reachable No privileges Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
Exim 4 before 4.94.2 allows Integer Overflow to Buffer Overflow in receive_add_recipient via an e-mail message with fifty million recipients. NOTE: remote exploitation may be difficult because of resource consumption.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · high confidence

Exim 4 before 4.94.2 contains an integer overflow vulnerability in the receive_add_recipient function that can lead to a buffer overflow when processing an e-mail message with fifty million recipients. The integer counter overflows due to insufficient bounds checking, potentially allowing remote code execution or denial of service.

MitigationUpgrade Exim to version 4.94.2 or later to patch the integer overflow vulnerability in receive_add_recipient. Consider implementing recipient rate limiting or resource constraints to further mitigate potential exploitation attempts.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

Affected products & versions What the vendor confirmedThe version ranges the vendor confirmed as vulnerable. If your version sits inside a range here, treat yourself as exposed until you have upgraded.

NVD · CPE data
EximApplication
Affected:< 4.94.1

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Check Exim installation and version
    Run 'exim -v' or 'exim --version' to obtain the installed Exim version number
    Affected if The reported version is less than 4.94.1 (e.g., 4.94, 4.93, 4.92, etc.)
  2. Verify Exim daemon is running
    Run 'ps aux | grep exim' or 'systemctl status exim' to confirm the Exim MTA daemon is active
    Affected if Exim is running and the version from step 1 is below 4.94.1
  3. Confirm SMTP listener is enabled
    Check Exim configuration with 'exim -bV' or review /etc/exim/exim.conf for 'daemon_smtp_ports' to see if SMTP reception is enabled
    Affected if SMTP listener is enabled (typically port 25) and Exim version is below 4.94.1

The environment is affected if a running Exim version is below 4.94.1 and the SMTP service is available to accept incoming mail connections.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

dbcve · scoped
Upgrade available Upgrade to 4.94.1 or later
Fixed in 4.94.1
Interim mitigation

Upgrade Exim to version 4.94.2 or later to patch the integer overflow vulnerability in receive_add_recipient. Consider implementing recipient rate limiting or resource constraints to further mitigate potential exploitation attempts.

Recommended fix High confidence

Exim 4.94.2 or later

  1. 1. Check current Exim version: exim -v -bV
  2. 2. Stop Exim service: systemctl stop exim (or service exim stop)
  3. 3. Back up current Exim configuration: cp -r /etc/exim /etc/exim.backup
  4. 4. Download Exim 4.94.2 or later from www.exim.org/ftp/exim/
  5. 5. Compile and install: ./configure --with-exim-user=exim && make && make install
  6. 6. Verify installed version: exim -bV
  7. 7. Start Exim service: systemctl start exim (or service exim start)
Caveat Review configuration compatibility if upgrading from significantly older version; major version 4.94.x should be largely compatible

Generated from the published advisory — verify against the referenced sources before acting.

Fix this in Exim Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation2.0 h
  • Implementation2.0 h
  • Testing3.0 h
  • Review / QA1.0 h
8.0 hours of engineering $1,390
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Scan for this in your stack

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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2020-28017 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
  • No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
  • No spam, self-promotion, credentials, or personal data