Windows 10Operating system · Microsoft

CVE-2022-41056

HIGH · 7.5 CVSS v3.1 Published 2022-11-09
Mitigation only
No fix yet — a mitigation exists. There is no fixed release. A documented workaround reduces exposure in the meantime.
See remediation →
84/100
Remediation priority · High
Remotely reachable No privileges Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
Network Policy Server (NPS) RADIUS Protocol Denial of Service Vulnerability

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · high confidence

This is a denial of service vulnerability in Microsoft's Network Policy Server (NPS). The vulnerability exists in how NPS handles specially crafted RADIUS protocol packets, allowing an unauthenticated remote attacker to crash the NPS service, causing authentication failures for all dependent services like VPN, Wi-Fi, and dial-up connections.

MitigationApply the Microsoft security update (KB5020012 or later for Windows Server) to the affected NPS servers. If immediate patching is not feasible, restrict RADIUS access to trusted networks via firewall rules to reduce attack surface.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

Affected products & versions What the vendor confirmedThe version ranges the vendor confirmed as vulnerable. If your version sits inside a range here, treat yourself as exposed until you have upgraded.

NVD · CPE data
Windows 10Operating system
Affected:all versions= 20h2= 21h1= 21h2= 22h2= 1607= 1809
Windows 11Operating system
Affected:all versions= 22h2
Windows 7Operating system
Affected:= sp1
Windows 8.1Operating system
Affected:all versions
Windows Server 2008Operating system
Affected:all versions= r2
Windows Server 2012Operating system
Affected:all versions= r2
Windows Server 2016Operating system
Affected:all versions
Windows Server 2019Operating system
Affected:all versions

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Confirm NPS role is installed
    On Windows Server, open Server Manager > Manage > Add Roles and Features, or run 'Get-WindowsFeature -Name NPAS' in PowerShell. On Windows 10/11, check Programs and Features for 'Network Policy Server' or run 'Get-Service -Name IAS' to check for the Internet Authentication Service (IAS) which provides NPS functionality.
    Affected if NPS or IAS role/service is present on the system
  2. Verify Windows version is within affected range
    Run 'winver' from Run dialog, or run 'systeminfo | findstr /B /C:"OS Name" /C:"OS Version"' in Command Prompt, or run 'Get-ComputerInfo | Select WindowsProductName, WindowsVersion' in PowerShell.
    Affected if The Windows version matches any of the affected versions listed (Windows 10 20h2/21h1/21h2/22h2/1607/1809, Windows 11 22h2, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2008/2008R2/2012/2012R2/2016/2019)
  3. Confirm NPS service is running and enabled
    Run 'Get-Service -Name "Network Policy Server"' (or 'net start "Network Policy Server"' to check if it can be started) in PowerShell, or open Services and look for 'Network Policy Server' (NPS).
    Affected if The NPS service is installed and set to start (Automatic or Manual)
  4. Assess network exposure of RADIUS ports
    Run 'netsh advfirewall firewall show rule name=all | findstr /C:"1812" /C:"1813" /C:"1645" /C:"1646"' to list firewall rules for RADIUS ports, or check external firewall rules that allow UDP ports 1812, 1813, 1645, 1646 from untrusted sources.
    Affected if RADIUS ports (UDP 1812, 1813, 1645, 1646) are open to untrusted or internet-facing network interfaces

The system is affected if NPS is installed and running on a vulnerable Windows version, and the server is accessible to untrusted networks on RADIUS ports.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

From vendor data
Mitigation available No clean upgrade yet — mitigate in the meantime
Mitigation

Apply the Microsoft security update (KB5020012 or later for Windows Server) to the affected NPS servers. If immediate patching is not feasible, restrict RADIUS access to trusted networks via firewall rules to reduce attack surface.

Fix this in Windows 10 Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation2.0 h
  • Implementation2.0 h
  • Testing2.0 h
  • Review / QA1.0 h
7.0 hours of engineering $1,240
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Scan for this in your stack

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dbcve dependency scanner

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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2022-41056 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
  • No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
  • No spam, self-promotion, credentials, or personal data