Windows 10 1607Operating system · Microsoft

CVE-2023-21555

HIGH · 8.1 CVSS v3.1 Published 2023-01-10
Mitigation only
No fix yet — a mitigation exists. There is no fixed release. A documented workaround reduces exposure in the meantime.
See remediation →
90/100
Remediation priority · Urgent
Remotely reachable No privileges Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
Windows Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · moderate confidence

This is a remote code execution vulnerability in Windows Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP), a widely-used VPN tunneling protocol. The vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code on affected Windows systems by sending specially crafted L2TP packets, likely through a buffer overflow or similar memory corruption flaw in the L2TP implementation.

MitigationApply the relevant Microsoft security updates for this vulnerability (typically through Windows Update or WSUS) and verify L2TP VPN functionality continues to work correctly after patching.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

Affected products & versions What the vendor confirmedThe version ranges the vendor confirmed as vulnerable. If your version sits inside a range here, treat yourself as exposed until you have upgraded.

NVD · CPE data
Windows 10 1607Operating system
Affected:all versions
Windows 10 1809Operating system
Affected:all versions
Windows 10 20h2Operating system
Affected:all versions
Windows 10 21h2Operating system
Affected:all versions
Windows 10 22h2Operating system
Affected:all versions
Windows 11 21h2Operating system
Affected:all versions
Windows 11 22h2Operating system
Affected:all versions
Windows 7Operating system
Affected:all versions

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
High
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Check Windows version
    Run 'winver' or 'systeminfo | findstr /B /C:"OS Name" /C:"OS Version"' to identify the Windows version and build
    Affected if The version is Windows 10 1607, 1809, 20H2, 21H2, 22H2, Windows 11 21H2, 22H2, or Windows 7 (any build)
  2. Verify L2TP is configured
    Check for L2TP VPN connections or RAS ports. Run 'Get-VpnConnection -AllUserConnection' in PowerShell or check for L2TP-type RAS ports via 'netsh ras dump'
    Affected if Any L2TP-based VPN connection exists or L2TP ports (UDP 1701) are configured
  3. Check if L2TP service is enabled
    Run 'Get-Service RemoteAccess' in PowerShell or check via Services.msc to see if Routing and Remote Access (RRAS) is running
    Affected if Routing and Remote Access service is enabled and L2TP is in use
  4. Verify security update is installed
    Run 'Get-HotFix | Where-Object {$_.Description -eq "Security Update"} | Select-Object HotFixID, InstalledOn' to list installed security updates, or check Windows Update history
    Affected if No Microsoft security update for CVE-2023-21555 is installed (patch date around January 2023)

You are affected if you run any of the listed Windows versions with L2TP VPN functionality enabled and the CVE-2023-21555 security update has not been installed.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

dbcve · scoped
Mitigation available No clean upgrade yet — mitigate in the meantime
Mitigation

Apply the relevant Microsoft security updates for this vulnerability (typically through Windows Update or WSUS) and verify L2TP VPN functionality continues to work correctly after patching.

Recommended fix High confidence
  1. Enable automatic Windows Updates or check for updates manually via Settings > Update & Security > Windows Update
  2. Install the latest security update for this vulnerability (KB number varies by Windows version - check Microsoft Security Response Center for the specific KB for your Windows version)
  3. Restart the system after installing the update if prompted
  4. Verify the update was installed successfully by checking the installed updates list

Generated from the published advisory — verify against the referenced sources before acting.

Fix this in Windows 10 1607 Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation3.0 h
  • Implementation2.0 h
  • Testing4.0 h
  • Review / QA2.0 h
11.0 hours of engineering $1,920
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Scan for this in your stack

Free · runs locally
dbcve dependency scanner

Check whether your project pulls in CVE-2023-21555 — or any other known-vulnerable package — straight from your lock files. Free and open source; it runs locally and uploads nothing.

References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2023-21555 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
  • No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
  • No spam, self-promotion, credentials, or personal data