Improper AuthenticationWeakness · CWE-287

CVE-2023-3597

MEDIUM · 5.0 CVSS v3.1 Published 2024-04-25
Mitigation only
No fix yet — a mitigation exists. There is no fixed release. A documented workaround reduces exposure in the meantime.
See remediation →
56/100
Remediation priority · Elevated
Remotely reachable Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
A flaw was found in Keycloak, where it does not correctly validate its client step-up authentication in org.keycloak.authentication. This flaw allows a remote user authenticated with a password to register a false second authentication factor along with an existing one and bypass authentication.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · moderate confidence

Keycloak fails to properly validate client step-up authentication in the org.keycloak.authentication component, allowing an authenticated user to register a fraudulent second authentication factor alongside a legitimate one, thereby bypassing multi-factor authentication requirements.

MitigationEnsure Keycloak is updated to a patched version and review all authentication flows to confirm proper enforcement of step-up authentication and MFA registration controls.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
High
Privileges
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
Low
Integrity
Low
Availability
Low

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Identify Keycloak version
    Check the Keycloak admin console under 'Server info' > 'Versions', or inspect the startup logs, or query the /realms/master/api/v1/info endpoint
    Affected if The installed version is unpatched and falls within the vulnerable range for CVE-2023-3597 (compare against known affected versions)
  2. Review step-up authentication flows
    Navigate to 'Authentication' in the admin console and examine all flows that include 'step-up' or 'conditional' authentication. Inspect the flow bindings for each realm under 'Authentication' > 'Bindings'
    Affected if A step-up authentication flow exists that does not properly validate client authentication before allowing secondary factor registration
  3. Inspect MFA registration configuration
    Go to 'Authentication' > 'Flows' and review the 'Browser' or 'Registration' flow. Check if the 'Copy Reminder' or similar second-factor registration execution allows bypass when combined with step-up authentication
    Affected if The MFA registration flow permits registering an additional authenticator without validating it against the initial step-up authentication request
  4. Verify authentication executor ordering
    In the admin console under 'Authentication' > 'Flows', examine the execution flow for browser and registration flows. Check if conditional executions allow execution of secondary factor registration without proper required actions
    Affected if Conditional executions exist that can be triggered to register a second factor alongside an existing legitimate factor without proper validation

A user is affected if running an unpatched Keycloak version AND has authentication flows configured with step-up or conditional MFA registration that lacks proper client validation for secondary factor registration.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

From vendor data
Mitigation available No clean upgrade yet — mitigate in the meantime
Mitigation

Ensure Keycloak is updated to a patched version and review all authentication flows to confirm proper enforcement of step-up authentication and MFA registration controls.

Have this fixed Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation4.0 h
  • Implementation8.0 h
  • Testing6.0 h
  • Review / QA2.0 h
20.0 hours of engineering $3,500
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Scan for this in your stack

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dbcve dependency scanner

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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2023-3597 in production — separate from our analysis above.

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
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  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
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