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QtsOperating system · Qnap

CVE-2023-39294

HIGH · 7.2 CVSS v3.1 Published 2024-01-05
Mitigation only
No fix yet — a mitigation exists. There is no fixed release. A documented workaround reduces exposure in the meantime.
See remediation →
78/100
Remediation priority · High
Remotely reachable Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow authenticated administrators to execute commands via a network. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.1.3.2578 build 20231110 and later QuTS hero h5.1.3.2578 build 20231110 and later

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · high confidence

OS command injection vulnerability in QNAP QTS and QuTS hero operating systems that allows authenticated administrators to execute arbitrary commands via network. The vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation allowing command injection through the web interface.

MitigationUpdate QNAP devices to QTS 5.1.3.2578 build 20231110 or later / QuTS hero h5.1.3.2578 build 20231110 or later. Restrict administrative access to trusted networks and implement least-privilege administrator accounts.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

Affected products & versions What the vendor confirmedThe version ranges the vendor confirmed as vulnerable. If your version sits inside a range here, treat yourself as exposed until you have upgraded.

NVD · CPE data
QtsOperating system
Affected:= 5.1.0.2348= 5.1.0.2399= 5.1.0.2418= 5.1.0.2444= 5.1.0.2466= 5.1.1.2491= 5.1.2.2533
Quts HeroOperating system
Affected:= h5.1.0.2409= h5.1.0.2424= h5.1.0.2453= h5.1.0.2466= h5.1.1.2488= h5.1.2.2534

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
High
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Identify QNAP device operating system and version
    Log into the QNAP device via SSH or the web interface. In the web UI, go to Control Panel > System > Firmware. Alternatively, run the command 'getconf' or check /etc/config/defalut/filelist for version information.
    Affected if The device runs QTS or QuTS hero and the version matches one of the affected builds: 5.1.0.2348, 5.1.0.2399, 5.1.0.2418, 5.1.0.2444, 5.1.0.2466, 5.1.1.2491, 5.1.2.2533 for QTS or h5.1.0.2409, h5.1.0.2424, h5.1.0.2453, h5.1.0.2466, h5.1.1.2488, h5.1.2.2534 for QuTS hero.
  2. Confirm the web interface is accessible
    Verify that the QNAP web administration console (port 8080 or 443) is reachable from the network. Check firewall rules and device network configuration.
    Affected if The web interface is exposed to untrusted networks, increasing exploitability.
  3. Verify administrator account existence
    Check for existing admin-level accounts in Control Panel > Privilege > Users > User List, or via the command 'admin' user presence in /etc/passwd.
    Affected if At least one administrator account exists on the device, which is required for exploitation.
  4. Check if QTS or QuTS hero is running
    Run 'uname -a' via SSH or check the system information page in the web UI to confirm the exact OS variant and build number.
    Affected if The device is running QTS or QuTS hero with a version matching the affected build list.

A device is affected if it runs QTS or QuTS hero with any of the listed build versions AND has the web interface accessible with at least one administrator account configured.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

dbcve · scoped
Mitigation available No clean upgrade yet — mitigate in the meantime
Mitigation

Update QNAP devices to QTS 5.1.3.2578 build 20231110 or later / QuTS hero h5.1.3.2578 build 20231110 or later. Restrict administrative access to trusted networks and implement least-privilege administrator accounts.

Recommended fix High confidence

QTS 5.1.3.2578 build 20231110 or later / QuTS hero h5.1.3.2578 build 20231110 or later

  1. 1. Back up all critical data and configurations on the QNAP device before proceeding with the upgrade
  2. 2. Verify current QTS or QuTS hero version by accessing the QNAP admin interface
  3. 3. For QTS: Upgrade to version 5.1.3.2578 build 20231110 or later
  4. 4. For QuTS hero: Upgrade to version h5.1.3.2578 build 20231110 or later
  5. 5. Access the QNAP admin dashboard and navigate to Control Panel > System > Firmware Update
  6. 6. Click 'Check for Update' to download and install the latest available fixed version
  7. 7. Verify the upgrade was successful by checking the new firmware version in the admin interface
  8. 8. After upgrade, verify the command injection vulnerability is resolved by confirming the patch is applied
Caveat Upgrading firmware carries inherent risk; ensure complete backup before proceeding; major version upgrades may change system behavior

Generated from the published advisory — verify against the referenced sources before acting.

Fix this in Qts Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation3.0 h
  • Implementation4.0 h
  • Testing3.0 h
  • Review / QA2.0 h
12.0 hours of engineering $2,130
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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2023-39294 in production — separate from our analysis above.

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
  • No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
  • No spam, self-promotion, credentials, or personal data