MastodonApplication · Joinmastodon

CVE-2023-49952

HIGH · 7.5 CVSS v3.1 Published 2024-11-18
Fix available
A fix is available. Upgrade to 4.1.17 / 4.2.9 or later.
See remediation →
84/100
Remediation priority · High
Remotely reachable No privileges Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
Mastodon 4.1.x before 4.1.17 and 4.2.x before 4.2.9 allows a bypass of rate limiting via a crafted HTTP request header.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · high confidence

Mastodon versions 4.1.x before 4.1.17 and 4.2.x before 4.2.9 contain a rate limiting bypass vulnerability where attackers can circumvent rate restrictions by sending crafted HTTP request headers. The application's rate limiting logic improperly handles certain HTTP headers, allowing attackers to bypass intended throttling limits.

MitigationUpgrade Mastodon to version 4.1.17 or later for the 4.1.x branch, or version 4.2.9 or later for the 4.2.x branch to receive the security patch.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

Affected products & versions What the vendor confirmedThe version ranges the vendor confirmed as vulnerable. If your version sits inside a range here, treat yourself as exposed until you have upgraded.

NVD · CPE data
MastodonApplication
Affected:>= 4.1.0, < 4.1.17>= 4.2.0, < 4.2.9

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
High
Availability
None

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Check installed Mastodon version
    Run `git log -1 --format=%H %s` in the Mastodon application directory, or check the admin dashboard under Site Settings > About for the version number. On packaged installations, check `/opt/mastodon/VERSION` or similar package-specific paths.
    Affected if Version is 4.1.0 through 4.1.16, or 4.2.0 through 4.2.8
  2. Confirm rate limiting is active
    Rate limiting is typically enabled by default in production environments. Verify by checking the Rails configuration file (config/environments/production.rb) for `config.middleware.use Rack::Attack` or similar rate limiting middleware configurations.
    Affected if Rate limiting middleware is loaded and active in the environment (default in production)
  3. Verify HTTP header processing is in use
    Mastodon processes client-provided HTTP headers (X-Forwarded-For, Client-IP, etc.) for request identification. This is standard in deployments behind proxies or load balancers. Check if the application processes these headers via the Rails configuration.
    Affected if The application processes X-Forwarded-For or similar forwarded headers from clients (typical in production deployments)

You are affected if your Mastodon version is 4.1.0-4.1.16 or 4.2.0-4.2.8 and rate limiting is enabled, which is the default production configuration.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

dbcve · scoped
Upgrade available Upgrade to 4.1.17 / 4.2.9 or later
Fixed in 4.1.174.2.9
Interim mitigation

Upgrade Mastodon to version 4.1.17 or later for the 4.1.x branch, or version 4.2.9 or later for the 4.2.x branch to receive the security patch.

Recommended fix High confidence

Mastodon 4.2.9 (or 4.1.17 for the 4.1.x line)

  1. 1. Backup your Mastodon database and file system before proceeding
  2. 2. Stop the Mastodon services (Puma, Sidekiq, streaming API)
  3. 3. Navigate to your Mastodon installation directory
  4. 4. Run the upgrade command for your deployment method (e.g., `git pull` for source installations, or use your package manager for Docker/systemd deployments)
  5. 5. Run database migrations if required: `RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rails db:migrate`
  6. 6. Precompile assets: `RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rails assets:precompile`
  7. 7. Restart all Mastodon services
  8. 8. Verify the upgrade by checking the version in the admin interface or via the API
Caveat Review release notes for any configuration changes or deprecations between your current version and the target version

Generated from the published advisory — verify against the referenced sources before acting.

Fix this in Mastodon Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation2.0 h
  • Implementation4.0 h
  • Testing3.0 h
  • Review / QA2.0 h
11.0 hours of engineering $1,930
Get the upgrade done

An estimate, not a bill — we confirm scope with you before any work starts. Need it this week? Rush from $3,088.

Scan for this in your stack

Free · runs locally
dbcve dependency scanner

Check whether your project pulls in CVE-2023-49952 — or any other known-vulnerable package — straight from your lock files. Free and open source; it runs locally and uploads nothing.

References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2023-49952 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
  • No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
  • No spam, self-promotion, credentials, or personal data