TransformersApplication · Huggingface

CVE-2024-11394

HIGH · 8.8 CVSS v3.1 Published 2024-11-22
Fix available
A fix is available. Upgrade to 4.48.0 or later.
See remediation →
95/100
Remediation priority · Urgent
Remotely reachable No privileges

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
Hugging Face Transformers Trax Model Deserialization of Untrusted Data Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Hugging Face Transformers. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the handling of model files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in deserialization of untrusted data. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current user. Was ZDI-CAN-25012.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · moderate confidence

Hugging Face Transformers Trax model loading lacks proper validation of user-supplied data during deserialization, allowing malicious model files to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user. Exploitation requires user interaction to load a crafted model file.

MitigationOnly load model files from trusted and verified sources; implement model file integrity verification (e.g., checksums, signatures) before deserialization. Monitor for available patches from Hugging Face.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

Affected products & versions What the vendor confirmedThe version ranges the vendor confirmed as vulnerable. If your version sits inside a range here, treat yourself as exposed until you have upgraded.

NVD · CPE data
TransformersApplication
Affected:< 4.48.0

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Check installed Transformers version
    Run 'pip show transformers' or 'import transformers; print(transformers.__version__)'
    Affected if Version is lower than 4.48.0
  2. Verify if Trax model loading is in use
    Search codebase for imports like 'from transformers import TraxForSequenceClassification' or 'TraxModel', and usage of 'from transformers import AutoModel' with Trax-based models
    Affected if Code loads Trax-based models from Hugging Face Transformers
  3. Inspect model loading code paths
    Review code that loads models via AutoModel, from_pretrained, or similar APIs, especially with locally-provided model files or directories
    Affected if Code loads models from user-supplied or untrusted local directories/files
  4. Check for deserialization of pickle files
    Search for pickle.load operations in model loading code or examine model files for .pkl, .pickle extensions in model directories
    Affected if Models use pickle-based serialization (common in older model formats)
  5. Audit network exposure of model loading
    Review whether model loading functions are exposed via APIs, web services, or user-accessible endpoints where untrusted model files could be supplied
    Affected if Users can supply or specify model files/paths via external input

User is affected if running Transformers version below 4.48.0 AND loading models from untrusted or user-supplied sources via vulnerable deserialization paths.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

dbcve · scoped
Upgrade available Upgrade to 4.48.0 or later
Fixed in 4.48.0
Interim mitigation

Only load model files from trusted and verified sources; implement model file integrity verification (e.g., checksums, signatures) before deserialization. Monitor for available patches from Hugging Face.

Recommended fix High confidence

Transformers 4.48.0

  1. Upgrade the huggingface/transformers library to version 4.48.0 or later by running: pip install --upgrade transformers>=4.48.0
  2. Verify the upgrade was successful by running: pip show transformers and checking the version number
  3. If using transformers in a project, ensure any model files are loaded from trusted sources only; avoid loading model files from untrusted or unknown origins

Generated from the published advisory — verify against the referenced sources before acting.

Fix this in Transformers Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation3.0 h
  • Implementation8.0 h
  • Testing4.0 h
  • Review / QA2.0 h
17.0 hours of engineering $3,000
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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2024-11394 in production — separate from our analysis above.

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
  • No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
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