Improper Input ValidationWeakness · CWE-20

CVE-2024-25581

HIGH · 7.5 CVSS v3.1 Published 2024-05-14
Mitigation only
No fix yet — a mitigation exists. There is no fixed release. A documented workaround reduces exposure in the meantime.
See remediation →
84/100
Remediation priority · High
Remotely reachable No privileges Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
When incoming DNS over HTTPS support is enabled using the nghttp2 provider, and queries are routed to a tcp-only or DNS over TLS backend, an attacker can trigger an assertion failure in DNSdist by sending a request for a zone transfer (AXFR or IXFR) over DNS over HTTPS, causing the process to stop and thus leading to a Denial of Service. DNS over HTTPS is not enabled by default, and backends are using plain DNS (Do53) by default.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · high confidence

In DNSdist, when incoming DNS over HTTPS (DoH) is enabled using the nghttp2 provider and queries are routed to a TCP-only or DNS over TLS (DoT) backend, a specially crafted zone transfer request (AXFR or IXFR) sent over DoH triggers an assertion failure, causing the DNSdist process to crash and resulting in Denial of Service.

MitigationIf DoH is not required, ensure it remains disabled. If DoH is enabled, avoid routing zone transfer queries to TCP-only or DoT backends, or implement query type filtering to block AXFR/IXFR over DoH connections.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Check DNSdist version
    Run 'dnsdist --version' or check the installed package version to determine the exact version number, then compare it to the affected version ranges for CVE-2024-25581.
    Affected if The installed version falls within the vulnerable version range.
  2. Verify DoH is enabled with nghttp2
    Inspect the dnsdist configuration file (typically /etc/dnsdist.conf or /etc/dnsdist/dnsdist.conf) or run 'dnsdist -l' to list listeners. Look for 'addDOH()' or 'DOHFrontend' configuration using the nghttp2 provider.
    Affected if DoH is enabled and configured to use the nghttp2 provider.
  3. Identify TCP-only and DoT backends
    Review the dnsdist configuration for backend server definitions using 'newServer()' with 'tcpOnly=true' or 'doT=true' parameters. Run 'dnsdist -v' or query the API to list configured backends and their types.
    Affected if Any backend is configured as TCP-only or uses DNS over TLS (DoT).
  4. Check routing from DoH to TCP-only/DoT backends
    Examine dnsdist routing rules (via 'getRule()' API or configuration) to see if there are rules that direct DoH queries to the identified TCP-only or DoT backends, or verify the default backend pool includes such backends.
    Affected if DoH frontend queries can be routed to TCP-only or DoT backends.

The environment is affected if DNSdist with DoH (nghttp2) is configured and can route zone transfer queries (AXFR/IXFR) received over DoH to TCP-only or DoT backends.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

From vendor data
Mitigation available No clean upgrade yet — mitigate in the meantime
Mitigation

If DoH is not required, ensure it remains disabled. If DoH is enabled, avoid routing zone transfer queries to TCP-only or DoT backends, or implement query type filtering to block AXFR/IXFR over DoH connections.

Have this fixed Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation2.0 h
  • Implementation3.0 h
  • Testing2.0 h
  • Review / QA1.0 h
8.0 hours of engineering $1,420
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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2024-25581 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
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  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
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