Actively exploited in the wild. This CVE is on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities list — treat remediation as urgent. Federal remediation due by 4 Mar 2025.
Vmg1312 B10a FirmwareOperating system · Zyxel

CVE-2024-40891

HIGH · 8.8 CVSS v3.1 Published 2025-02-04
Mitigation only
No fix yet — a mitigation exists. There is no fixed release. A documented workaround reduces exposure in the meantime.
See remediation →
100/100
Remediation priority · Urgent
In the wild Remotely reachable Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
**UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED** A post-authentication command injection vulnerability in the management commands of the legacy DSL CPE Zyxel VMG4325-B10A firmware version 1.00(AAFR.4)C0_20170615 could allow an authenticated attacker to execute operating system (OS) commands on an affected device via Telnet.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · moderate confidence

A post-authentication command injection vulnerability exists in the Telnet management interface of Zyxel VMG4325-B10A firmware version 1.00(AAFR.4)C0_20170615. An authenticated attacker can inject and execute arbitrary operating system commands through management commands sent via Telnet, leading to full device compromise.

MitigationSince the device is marked unsupported, prioritize upgrading to a supported firmware version if available. If no update exists, disable Telnet access, enforce strong authentication, and consider replacing the end-of-life device with a currently supported model.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

Affected products & versions What the vendor confirmedThe version ranges the vendor confirmed as vulnerable. If your version sits inside a range here, treat yourself as exposed until you have upgraded.

NVD · CPE data
Vmg1312 B10a FirmwareOperating system
Affected:all versions
Vmg1312 B10b FirmwareOperating system
Affected:all versions
Vmg1312 B10e FirmwareOperating system
Affected:all versions
Vmg3312 B10a FirmwareOperating system
Affected:all versions
Vmg3313 B10a FirmwareOperating system
Affected:all versions
Vmg3926 B10b FirmwareOperating system
Affected:all versions
Vmg4325 B10a FirmwareOperating system
Affected:all versions
Vmg4380 B10a FirmwareOperating system
Affected:all versions

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Identify the device model
    Access the router web interface or check the device label to confirm the exact model number (e.g., VMG4325-B10A, VMG1312-B10A, etc.)
    Affected if The model matches one of the affected models: Vmg1312 B10a/b/e, Vmg3312 B10a, Vmg3313 B10a, Vmg3926 B10b, Vmg4325 B10a, Vmg4380 B10a
  2. Verify Telnet service status
    Log into the router web interface and navigate to Network Settings > Remote Management or similar, or use a network scanner to check if port 23 is open and responding on the device IP
    Affected if Telnet service is enabled and accessible on the device
  3. Confirm management access scope
    Check the router configuration for allowed IP addresses or subnets for Telnet/remote management access. Verify if management interface is reachable from WAN or untrusted networks
    Affected if Telnet management is exposed to untrusted networks or unauthorized IP addresses
  4. Review for unauthorized access indicators
    Examine router logs or network traffic logs for Telnet connection attempts, especially from unexpected source IPs or containing unusual command patterns
    Affected if There are Telnet connections or commands in logs that were not initiated by authorized administrators

A defender is affected if they operate any of the listed Zyxel VMG router models with Telnet management interface enabled, particularly if accessible from untrusted networks.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

dbcve · scoped
Mitigation available No clean upgrade yet — mitigate in the meantime
Mitigation

Since the device is marked unsupported, prioritize upgrading to a supported firmware version if available. If no update exists, disable Telnet access, enforce strong authentication, and consider replacing the end-of-life device with a currently supported model.

Recommended fix High confidence
  1. 1. Identify all affected Zyxel devices (Vmg1312, Vmg3312, Vmg3313, Vmg3926, Vmg4325, Vmg4380 series) on the network.
  2. 2. Disable Telnet access on affected devices if enabled, as the vulnerability is exploited via Telnet.
  3. 3. If Telnet cannot be disabled, implement network segmentation to restrict access to the management interface to trusted networks only.
  4. 4. Ensure strong authentication is in place for any remaining management access.
  5. 5. Monitor for any suspicious activity or unauthorized access attempts.
  6. 6. Plan for eventual replacement of these legacy devices with currently supported hardware.
Caveat Devices are marked 'UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED' by vendor - no firmware updates will be released. Replacement with currently supported Zyxel or alternative vendor hardware is recommended.

Generated from the published advisory — verify against the referenced sources before acting.

Fix this in Vmg1312 B10a Firmware Exploited in the wild — priority engagement
  • Consultation4.0 h
  • Implementation8.0 h
  • Testing4.0 h
  • Review / QA2.0 h
18.0 hours of engineering $3,200
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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2024-40891 in production — separate from our analysis above.

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
  • No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
  • No spam, self-promotion, credentials, or personal data