Out-of-bounds WriteWeakness · CWE-787

CVE-2025-0690

MEDIUM · 6.1 CVSS v3.1 Published 2025-02-24
Mitigation only
No fix yet — a mitigation exists. There is no fixed release. A documented workaround reduces exposure in the meantime.
See remediation →
61/100
Remediation priority · Elevated

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
The read command is used to read the keyboard input from the user, while reads it keeps the input length in a 32-bit integer value which is further used to reallocate the line buffer to accept the next character. During this process, with a line big enough it's possible to make this variable to overflow leading to a out-of-bounds write in the heap based buffer. This flaw may be leveraged to corrupt grub's internal critical data and secure boot bypass is not discarded as consequence.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · moderate confidence

A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in GRUB2's read command where input length is stored in a 32-bit integer. When processing sufficiently large input lines, this integer can overflow, causing an out-of-bounds write that may corrupt critical data structures and potentially enable secure boot bypass.

MitigationApply the vendor patch that addresses the integer overflow in GRUB2's read command; recompile and redistribute the patched bootloader to all affected systems, verifying secure boot compatibility.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Physical
Complexity
Low
Privileges
High
User interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Identify GRUB2 installation
    Run 'grub-install --version' or check for /boot/grub or /boot/efi/EFI/*/grub* directories
    Affected if GRUB2 is not installed on the system (not affected)
  2. Determine GRUB2 version
    Run 'grub-install --version' or check the package manager (dpkg -l grub* or rpm -q grub2)
    Affected if The installed GRUB2 version predates the vendor patch for CVE-2025-0690; compare against patched versions if known
  3. Verify read command availability
    Access GRUB command line (press 'c' at boot menu) and confirm the 'read' built-in command exists
    Affected if The read command is available in the GRUB shell, enabling the overflow condition
  4. Check for large input handling in GRUB configs
    Inspect /boot/grub/grub.cfg and /etc/default/grub for custom menu entries or scripts that invoke the read command with user-controlled input
    Affected if GRUB configuration files contain menu entries or scripts that pass potentially large input to the read command
  5. Confirm secure boot status
    Check if UEFI secure boot is enabled via 'mokutil --sb-state' or firmware settings
    Affected if Secure boot is enabled and the system uses GRUB2 as the bootloader, making the bypass impact relevant

The system is affected if it runs an unpatched GRUB2 version that includes the read command and processes large inputs, especially in secure boot environments where the bypass impact applies.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

From vendor data
Mitigation available No clean upgrade yet — mitigate in the meantime
Mitigation

Apply the vendor patch that addresses the integer overflow in GRUB2's read command; recompile and redistribute the patched bootloader to all affected systems, verifying secure boot compatibility.

Have this fixed Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation6.0 h
  • Implementation12.0 h
  • Testing10.0 h
  • Review / QA6.0 h
34.0 hours of engineering $5,940
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Scan for this in your stack

Free · runs locally
dbcve dependency scanner

Check whether your project pulls in CVE-2025-0690 — or any other known-vulnerable package — straight from your lock files. Free and open source; it runs locally and uploads nothing.

References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-0690 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
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  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
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