Out-of-bounds WriteWeakness · CWE-787

CVE-2025-12051

HIGH · 7.8 CVSS v3.1 Published 2026-01-14
Mitigation only
No fix yet — a mitigation exists. There is no fixed release. A documented workaround reduces exposure in the meantime.
See remediation →
80/100
Remediation priority · High
Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
The drivers in the tool packages use RTL_QUERY_REGISTRY_DIRECT flag to read a registry value to which an untrusted user-mode application may be able to cause a buffer overflow.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · moderate confidence

The vulnerability exists in drivers within tool packages that use the RTL_QUERY_REGISTRY_DIRECT flag to read registry values. An untrusted local user can manipulate registry values to cause a buffer overflow in kernel/driver context, potentially achieving privilege escalation.

MitigationApply vendor patches for affected tool packages when available. Until patches are released, restrict access to the affected drivers and follow least-privilege principles to limit which users can interact with these components.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Local
Complexity
Low
Privileges
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Enumerate third-party drivers from tool packages
    Use 'driverquery /v' or tools like Autoruns to list loaded drivers. Focus on drivers installed by utility, diagnostic, or tool packages (not built-in Windows drivers). Record the driver names and file paths.
    Affected if A third-party driver from a tool package is loaded that uses RTL_QUERY_REGISTRY_DIRECT to read registry values.
  2. Analyze driver registry read operations
    Examine the driver binary for references to 'RTL_QUERY_REGISTRY_DIRECT' using strings, binwalk, or a disassembler. This API flag indicates the driver reads registry values directly into fixed-size buffers.
    Affected if The driver contains strings matching 'RTL_QUERY_REGISTRY_DIRECT', indicating it uses this vulnerable pattern.
  3. Identify registry keys accessed by drivers
    Use tools like Microsoft Sysinternals Process Monitor or driver-specific debugging to observe which registry keys the driver reads at runtime. Check both HKLM and HKCU registry hives.
    Affected if The driver reads registry values under keys that untrusted users can write to or modify.
  4. Check registry key permissions for driver-accessed keys
    Use regedit or 'reg query' with access check features to examine ACLs on the registry keys the driver reads. Identify if 'Users' or 'Authenticated Users' have write or full control permissions.
    Affected if Non-admin users have write permissions on registry keys that the affected driver reads, allowing them to manipulate values.
  5. Verify if low-privilege users can create registry keys
    Attempt to create a test registry key under the paths the driver reads (e.g., in HKLM\SOFTWARE\ or driver-specific paths) using a standard user account. Use 'reg add' command.
    Affected if A standard (non-admin) user can create or modify registry values in paths that the driver accesses, enabling the buffer overflow condition.

Your environment is affected if a tool package driver using RTL_QUERY_REGISTRY_DIRECT is installed and untrusted users have write access to the registry keys that driver reads.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

From vendor data
Mitigation available No clean upgrade yet — mitigate in the meantime
Mitigation

Apply vendor patches for affected tool packages when available. Until patches are released, restrict access to the affected drivers and follow least-privilege principles to limit which users can interact with these components.

Have this fixed Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation8.0 h
  • Implementation24.0 h
  • Testing16.0 h
  • Review / QA8.0 h
56.0 hours of engineering $9,760
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Scan for this in your stack

Free · runs locally
dbcve dependency scanner

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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-12051 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
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  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
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