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OS Command InjectionWeakness · CWE-78

CVE-2025-15388

HIGH · 8.8 CVSS v3.1 Published 2025-12-31
Mitigation only
No fix yet — a mitigation exists. There is no fixed release. A documented workaround reduces exposure in the meantime.
See remediation →
94/100
Remediation priority · Urgent
Remotely reachable Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
VPN Firewall developed by QNO Technology has an OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing authenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the server.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · moderate confidence

QNO Technology VPN Firewall contains an OS Command Injection vulnerability. Authenticated remote attackers can inject arbitrary OS commands through insufficient input sanitization, leading to full server compromise.

MitigationImplement strict input validation, use parameterized APIs for system calls, and apply the vendor patch when available. Restrict administrative access to trusted networks.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Confirm QNO VPN Firewall is in use
    Identify the installed product by checking system information, running processes, or network services listening on typical VPN/admin ports (typically 443, 8443, or vendor-specific ports). Look for 'QNO' or 'VPN Firewall' in service banners or device identification.
    Affected if The system is running any version of QNO Technology VPN Firewall software.
  2. Determine the installed version
    Access the VPN Firewall administrative interface and navigate to System Status, About, or Firmware Information page. Alternatively, check via CLI if available (often via console or SSH to the appliance). Record the exact firmware/software version number.
    Affected if The installed version cannot be verified or is earlier than the vendor's patched version (contact vendor for specific version numbers).
  3. Verify remote administrative access is enabled
    In the admin interface, check Network Settings, Remote Management, or Access Control sections. Determine if remote administrative access (HTTP/HTTPS web UI or SSH) is enabled for external IP addresses or untrusted networks.
    Affected if Remote administrative access is enabled and reachable from untrusted networks, allowing authenticated attackers to reach the injection point.
  4. Review admin interface for command injection input fields
    Log into the administrative interface and examine features that accept user input, particularly network diagnostic tools, ping/traceroute utilities, routing configuration, or custom script execution areas. These are common locations for command injection flaws.
    Affected if The interface contains input fields that could be used for OS command injection and these are accessible to the authenticated attacker.
  5. Inspect admin access logs for suspicious commands
    Review VPN Firewall logs (typically in Admin > Logs or System > Logging) for any unexpected or encoded commands, shell metacharacters, or unusual administrative activity from user accounts.
    Affected if Logs contain commands containing shell operators (such as ;, |, &, $, or backticks) or unexpected command executions.

A user is affected if their environment runs QNO Technology VPN Firewall with remote administrative access enabled and the vulnerable input features are exposed to authenticated attackers.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

From vendor data
Mitigation available No clean upgrade yet — mitigate in the meantime
Mitigation

Implement strict input validation, use parameterized APIs for system calls, and apply the vendor patch when available. Restrict administrative access to trusted networks.

Have this fixed Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation6.0 h
  • Implementation12.0 h
  • Testing8.0 h
  • Review / QA4.0 h
30.0 hours of engineering $5,280
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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-15388 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
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