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OS Command InjectionWeakness · CWE-78

CVE-2025-15389

HIGH · 8.8 CVSS v3.1 Published 2025-12-31
Mitigation only
No fix yet — a mitigation exists. There is no fixed release. A documented workaround reduces exposure in the meantime.
See remediation →
94/100
Remediation priority · Urgent
Remotely reachable Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
VPN Firewall developed by QNO Technology has an OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing authenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the server.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · moderate confidence

OS Command Injection vulnerability in QNO Technology VPN Firewall allows authenticated remote attackers to inject and execute arbitrary OS commands on the server through unsanitized input parameters that get passed to system shell calls.

MitigationImplement strict input validation and sanitization on all user-supplied parameters; replace dynamic command execution with parameterized APIs or safe libraries; apply vendor patches when available.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Confirm QNO VPN Firewall product is in use
    Identify the device or software as a QNO Technology VPN Firewall product. Check device identification, login banners, or management interface headers for 'QNO' branding.
    Affected if The target system is a QNO Technology VPN Firewall device or software.
  2. Determine installed firmware version
    Access the device management interface (web UI or CLI) and locate the firmware version information, typically found under System Status, About, or Firmware Update sections. On CLI, commands like 'show version' or 'system info' may reveal the version.
    Affected if The installed firmware version falls within any affected version range (compare your version to known vulnerable releases).
  3. Verify remote management access is enabled
    Check device network configuration for enabled remote management services such as web-based administration, VPN management interfaces, or API endpoints that accept remote connections. Look for settings under Firewall, Access Control, or Remote Management.
    Affected if Remote administrative access (web UI, API, or management interfaces) is exposed and accessible to authenticated users.
  4. Identify input-accepting interfaces
    Review the device for web forms, API endpoints, or configuration parameters that accept user-supplied input, especially in areas related to VPN configuration, routing, firewall rules, or network settings. Examine HTTP parameters or CLI input fields.
    Affected if Any web interface or API accepts parameters that could be passed to system shell calls without sanitization.
  5. Inspect for unsanitized parameter handling
    Examine configuration files, custom scripts, or CGI/web scripts on the device for direct use of user input in system(), exec(), or shell command constructs without input validation. Look for patterns like shell metacharacters being passed unchecked.
    Affected if Custom scripts or configurations exist that pass user-supplied parameters directly to shell execution functions.
  6. Review authentication and access control configuration
    Check user account settings, privilege levels, and which roles have access to features that accept input parameters. Determine if low-privilege or standard users can access vulnerable input points.
    Affected if Authenticated users (including standard or low-privilege accounts) can access interfaces that handle unsanitized input.

A user is affected if the system is a QNO Technology VPN Firewall with an affected firmware version that exposes management interfaces allowing authenticated users to supply input parameters to system shell calls.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

From vendor data
Mitigation available No clean upgrade yet — mitigate in the meantime
Mitigation

Implement strict input validation and sanitization on all user-supplied parameters; replace dynamic command execution with parameterized APIs or safe libraries; apply vendor patches when available.

Have this fixed Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation8.0 h
  • Implementation16.0 h
  • Testing12.0 h
  • Review / QA8.0 h
44.0 hours of engineering $7,720
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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-15389 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
  • No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
  • No spam, self-promotion, credentials, or personal data