Improper Signature VerificationWeakness · CWE-347

CVE-2025-20248

MEDIUM · 6.0 CVSS v3.1 Published 2025-09-10
Mitigation only
No fix yet — a mitigation exists. There is no fixed release. A documented workaround reduces exposure in the meantime.
See remediation →
62/100
Remediation priority · Elevated
Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
A vulnerability in the installation process of Cisco IOS XR Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to bypass Cisco IOS XR Software image signature verification and load unsigned software on an affected device. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have root-system privileges on the affected device. This vulnerability is due to incomplete validation of files during the installation of an .iso file. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by modifying contents of the .iso image and then installing and activating it on the device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to load an unsigned file as part of the image activation process.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · high confidence

A vulnerability in the installation process of Cisco IOS XR Software allows an authenticated local attacker with root-system privileges to bypass image signature verification by modifying the contents of an .iso image file and then installing and activating it, enabling unsigned files to be loaded onto the affected device.

MitigationApply the vendor-provided patch when available. Until then, restrict root-system access to trusted personnel only and verify integrity of all IOS XR software images before installation using official Cisco distribution channels.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Local
Complexity
Low
Privileges
High
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
None

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Identify if the device runs Cisco IOS XR Software
    Execute 'show version' or 'show install active' on the device CLI to confirm the operating system is Cisco IOS XR.
    Affected if The device is running any version of Cisco IOS XR Software.
  2. Determine the installed IOS XR version
    Run 'show version' and note the exact software version string (for example, 7.x.y). Compare this version to any official Cisco advisory for CVE-2025-20248 to see if it falls within an affected range.
    Affected if The installed version matches a version known to be affected by this vulnerability (check Cisco advisories for specific version ranges).
  3. Check if .iso image installation is permitted
    Review the device configuration for any install-related commands or AAA authorization settings that control .iso image loading. Use 'show running-config | include install' to view install-related configuration.
    Affected if The device allows installation from .iso images and the attacker has root-system privileges to perform the install.
  4. Audit recent install/activation operations
    Use 'show install log' or 'show logging' to review recent installation activities. Look for any installation or activation events involving .iso files.
    Affected if There are records of .iso image installations or activations performed on the device.

The device is affected if it runs Cisco IOS XR Software and an attacker with root-system privileges can install or activate a modified .iso image on the system.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

From vendor data
Mitigation available No clean upgrade yet — mitigate in the meantime
Mitigation

Apply the vendor-provided patch when available. Until then, restrict root-system access to trusted personnel only and verify integrity of all IOS XR software images before installation using official Cisco distribution channels.

Have this fixed Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation4.0 h
  • Implementation8.0 h
  • Testing6.0 h
  • Review / QA2.0 h
20.0 hours of engineering $3,500
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Scan for this in your stack

Free · runs locally
dbcve dependency scanner

Check whether your project pulls in CVE-2025-20248 — or any other known-vulnerable package — straight from your lock files. Free and open source; it runs locally and uploads nothing.

References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-20248 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
  • No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
  • No spam, self-promotion, credentials, or personal data