Improper Input ValidationWeakness · CWE-20

CVE-2025-21086

HIGH · 7.5 CVSS v3.1 Published 2025-08-12
Mitigation only
No fix yet — a mitigation exists. There is no fixed release. A documented workaround reduces exposure in the meantime.
See remediation →
77/100
Remediation priority · High
Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
Improper input validation in the Linux kernel-mode driver for some Intel(R) 700 Series Ethernet before version 2.28.5 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · moderate confidence

This vulnerability exists in the Linux kernel-mode driver for Intel 700 Series Ethernet adapters. The improper input validation flaw allows an authenticated user to potentially escalate privileges, likely through malformed network packets or driver ioctl requests that trigger kernel-level code execution. The issue affects versions prior to 2.28.5.

MitigationUpdate the Intel 700 Series Ethernet driver to version 2.28.5 or later, which requires obtaining the updated driver package from Intel and applying it during a scheduled maintenance window.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Local
Complexity
High
Privileges
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Identify Intel 700 Series Ethernet adapters present
    Run 'lspci | grep -i ethernet' to list Ethernet controllers; look for Intel 700 Series (often shown as I225, I226, or similar model numbers in the 700 series)
    Affected if No Intel 700 Series adapter is found in the system
  2. Determine the kernel driver in use
    Run 'ethtool -i <interface>' on the Intel 700 Series interface (e.g., eth0) to identify the driver name (typically 'igc' or similar for 700 series)
    Affected if The driver is not the Intel 700 Series driver (the vulnerability only applies to this specific driver)
  3. Retrieve the driver version
    Run 'modinfo <driver_name>' (e.g., 'modinfo igc') or 'ethtool -i <interface>' to obtain the driver version string
    Affected if Unable to retrieve a version number - the driver may not be loaded or the interface may not exist
  4. Compare installed version to fixed release
    Compare the driver version from step 3 against version 2.28.5 - note that version numbers prior to 2.28.5 (such as 2.28.4, 2.28.0, 1.x.x, etc.) are affected
    Affected if The installed driver version is lower than 2.28.5

A user is affected if their system has an Intel 700 Series Ethernet adapter with the Intel kernel driver loaded and the driver version is below 2.28.5.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

dbcve · scoped
Mitigation available No clean upgrade yet — mitigate in the meantime
Mitigation

Update the Intel 700 Series Ethernet driver to version 2.28.5 or later, which requires obtaining the updated driver package from Intel and applying it during a scheduled maintenance window.

Recommended fix Moderate confidence

Intel 700 Series Ethernet Linux kernel-mode driver version 2.28.5 or later

  1. Identify the current Intel 700 Series Ethernet driver version using 'ethtool -i <interface>' or checking the installed ice driver version
  2. Download the updated Intel Ethernet driver version 2.28.5 or later from Intel's official support website (intel.com/support)
  3. Install the updated driver package following Intel's provided installation instructions, which typically involves compiling the kernel module
  4. Reboot the system or unload/reload the driver module to ensure the new version is loaded
  5. Verify the driver has been updated to version 2.28.5 or later using 'ethtool -i <interface>'
Caveat Kernel driver updates may require kernel header compatibility; ensure your Linux kernel version is supported by the new driver release

Generated from the published advisory — verify against the referenced sources before acting.

Have this fixed Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation2.0 h
  • Implementation2.0 h
  • Testing2.0 h
  • Review / QA1.0 h
7.0 hours of engineering $1,240
Get help mitigating

An estimate, not a bill — we confirm scope with you before any work starts. Need it this week? Rush from $1,984.

Scan for this in your stack

Free · runs locally
dbcve dependency scanner

Check whether your project pulls in CVE-2025-21086 — or any other known-vulnerable package — straight from your lock files. Free and open source; it runs locally and uploads nothing.

References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-21086 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

Be the first to add a field note for this CVE — a mitigation you’ve verified, a version caveat, or a link to a working fix. Sign in above to contribute.

What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
  • No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
  • No spam, self-promotion, credentials, or personal data