Out-of-bounds WriteWeakness · CWE-787

CVE-2025-23351

CRITICAL · 9.0 CVSS v3.1 Published 2026-07-01
Mitigation only
No fix yet — a mitigation exists. There is no fixed release. A documented workaround reduces exposure in the meantime.
See remediation →
92/100
Remediation priority · Urgent
Zero-click 8 weeks old

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
NVIDIA ConnectX and BlueField contain a vulnerability in the command interface where a local user with virtual function (VF) access may cause a write out of bounds by crafted input. A successful exploit of this vulnerability may lead to arbitrary code execution on the device.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · moderate confidence

NVIDIA ConnectX and BlueField network adapters contain a command interface vulnerability where a local user with virtual function (VF) access can trigger an out-of-bounds write via crafted input, leading to arbitrary code execution on the device.

MitigationApply NVIDIA's firmware update for ConnectX and BlueField devices; restrict VF access to trusted users until the patch is deployed.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Adjacent
Complexity
Low
Privileges
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Identify NVIDIA network adapters in the system
    Run 'lspci | grep -i mellanox' or 'lspci | grep -i nvidia' to list NVIDIA ConnectX or BlueField network devices present in the system
    Affected if No NVIDIA ConnectX or BlueField adapters are found, the system is not affected by this CVE
  2. Determine the firmware version of the adapter
    Use NVIDIA tools such as 'mstflint -d <device> q' or 'flint -d <device> q' to query the current firmware version of the ConnectX or BlueField adapter
    Affected if The installed firmware version falls within the affected version range (compare against NVIDIA's firmware release notes for this CVE)
  3. Check if Virtual Function (VF) is enabled
    Run 'ip link show' or check /sys/class/net/ for SR-IOV VF interfaces. Use 'lspci -k' to verify if VFs are allocated. Also run 'cat /sys/class/net/<interface>/device/sriov_totalvfs' to check if SR-IOV is configured
    Affected if Virtual Functions are enabled and allocated on the affected adapter, creating the attack surface for this vulnerability
  4. Verify command interface accessibility
    Check if the command interface (often accessible via /dev/mst/* or through NVIDIA MLX tools) is available to local users. Review permissions on /dev/mst/ devices and check which users have access
    Affected if The command interface device is accessible to non-privileged local users, allowing the crafted input vector described in the CVE

A system is affected if it contains a NVIDIA ConnectX or BlueField adapter with a vulnerable firmware version and has Virtual Function (VF) access enabled, allowing a local user to access the command interface.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

From vendor data
Mitigation available No clean upgrade yet — mitigate in the meantime
Mitigation

Apply NVIDIA's firmware update for ConnectX and BlueField devices; restrict VF access to trusted users until the patch is deployed.

Have this fixed Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation8.0 h
  • Implementation4.0 h
  • Testing12.0 h
  • Review / QA6.0 h
30.0 hours of engineering $5,200
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Scan for this in your stack

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dbcve dependency scanner

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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-23351 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
  • No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
  • No spam, self-promotion, credentials, or personal data