CVE-2025-23406
Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.
NVD · uneditedOut-of-bounds read vulnerability caused by improper checking of TCP MSS option values exists in Cente middleware TCP/IP Network Series, which may lead to processing a specially crafted packet to cause the affected product crashed.
Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.
dbcve analysis · moderate confidenceAn out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in the Cente middleware TCP/IP Network Series stack due to improper validation of TCP MSS (Maximum Segment Size) option values in incoming packets. A remote attacker can send a specially crafted TCP packet with malformed MSS options to trigger the out-of-bounds read, causing the affected product to crash.
Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.
CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.
From the vector- Attack vector
- Network
- Complexity
- Low
- Privileges
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality
- None
- Integrity
- None
- Availability
- Low
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.
dbcve checksWork through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.
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Identify Cente TCP/IP Network Series installationReview software inventory, bills of materials, or embedded device documentation to confirm the presence of Cente middleware TCP/IP Network Series in your environmentAffected if Cente TCP/IP Network Series middleware is present in the system
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Determine the installed versionLocate the version information for the Cente TCP/IP Network Series (check product documentation, firmware metadata, or contact the vendor for version details)Affected if The installed version falls within the affected range and has not been patched
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Verify TCP packet processing is enabledConfirm that the network stack is configured to accept and process incoming TCP connections (this is typically enabled by default in any active network stack)Affected if TCP processing is enabled and the system accepts network traffic
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Inspect for MSS option validation logicIf you have access to the source code or configuration, search for TCP MSS option handling code and verify whether bounds checking on MSS values is implemented before processingAffected if No bounds checking or validation exists on TCP MSS option values in incoming packets
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Check for crash logs or anomalous behaviorReview system logs, crash dumps, or network device logs for any unexplained crashes or errors that coincide with the timing of incoming TCP trafficAffected if Unexpected crashes occur and correlate with TCP packet processing
A system is affected if it runs an unpatched version of Cente TCP/IP Network Series that processes incoming TCP packets with MSS options without proper bounds validation.
Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.
Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.
From vendor dataApply vendor patches when available; implement proper bounds checking on TCP MSS option values in the packet processing code; validate that MSS values fall within acceptable ranges before use.
- Consultation4.0 h
- Implementation8.0 h
- Testing6.0 h
- Review / QA2.0 h
An estimate, not a bill — we confirm scope with you before any work starts. Need it this week? Rush from $5,600.
Scan for this in your stack
Free · runs locallyCheck whether your project pulls in CVE-2025-23406 — or any other known-vulnerable package — straight from your lock files. Free and open source; it runs locally and uploads nothing.
References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.
Primary sourcesPractitioner notes
ContributedPeer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-23406 in production — separate from our analysis above.
The advisory tells you what broke. It rarely tells you what actually worked. If you’ve dealt with this one, that detail is what the next engineer is searching for.
- The version that genuinely resolved it — not the one the vendor claimed
- A config change or rule that shut the vector down
- A gotcha in the upgrade path that cost you an afternoon
No notes yet
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- Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
- Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
- No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
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