Out-of-bounds ReadWeakness · CWE-125

CVE-2025-23406

MEDIUM · 5.3 CVSS v3.0 Published 2025-02-14
Mitigation only
No fix yet — a mitigation exists. There is no fixed release. A documented workaround reduces exposure in the meantime.
See remediation →
62/100
Remediation priority · Elevated
Remotely reachable No privileges Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
Out-of-bounds read vulnerability caused by improper checking of TCP MSS option values exists in Cente middleware TCP/IP Network Series, which may lead to processing a specially crafted packet to cause the affected product crashed.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · moderate confidence

An out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in the Cente middleware TCP/IP Network Series stack due to improper validation of TCP MSS (Maximum Segment Size) option values in incoming packets. A remote attacker can send a specially crafted TCP packet with malformed MSS options to trigger the out-of-bounds read, causing the affected product to crash.

MitigationApply vendor patches when available; implement proper bounds checking on TCP MSS option values in the packet processing code; validate that MSS values fall within acceptable ranges before use.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
Low

CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Identify Cente TCP/IP Network Series installation
    Review software inventory, bills of materials, or embedded device documentation to confirm the presence of Cente middleware TCP/IP Network Series in your environment
    Affected if Cente TCP/IP Network Series middleware is present in the system
  2. Determine the installed version
    Locate the version information for the Cente TCP/IP Network Series (check product documentation, firmware metadata, or contact the vendor for version details)
    Affected if The installed version falls within the affected range and has not been patched
  3. Verify TCP packet processing is enabled
    Confirm that the network stack is configured to accept and process incoming TCP connections (this is typically enabled by default in any active network stack)
    Affected if TCP processing is enabled and the system accepts network traffic
  4. Inspect for MSS option validation logic
    If you have access to the source code or configuration, search for TCP MSS option handling code and verify whether bounds checking on MSS values is implemented before processing
    Affected if No bounds checking or validation exists on TCP MSS option values in incoming packets
  5. Check for crash logs or anomalous behavior
    Review system logs, crash dumps, or network device logs for any unexplained crashes or errors that coincide with the timing of incoming TCP traffic
    Affected if Unexpected crashes occur and correlate with TCP packet processing

A system is affected if it runs an unpatched version of Cente TCP/IP Network Series that processes incoming TCP packets with MSS options without proper bounds validation.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

From vendor data
Mitigation available No clean upgrade yet — mitigate in the meantime
Mitigation

Apply vendor patches when available; implement proper bounds checking on TCP MSS option values in the packet processing code; validate that MSS values fall within acceptable ranges before use.

Have this fixed Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation4.0 h
  • Implementation8.0 h
  • Testing6.0 h
  • Review / QA2.0 h
20.0 hours of engineering $3,500
Get help mitigating

An estimate, not a bill — we confirm scope with you before any work starts. Need it this week? Rush from $5,600.

Scan for this in your stack

Free · runs locally
dbcve dependency scanner

Check whether your project pulls in CVE-2025-23406 — or any other known-vulnerable package — straight from your lock files. Free and open source; it runs locally and uploads nothing.

References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-23406 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

Be the first to add a field note for this CVE — a mitigation you’ve verified, a version caveat, or a link to a working fix. Sign in above to contribute.

What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
  • No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
  • No spam, self-promotion, credentials, or personal data