Use After FreeWeakness · CWE-416

CVE-2025-30194

HIGH · 7.5 CVSS v3.1 Published 2025-04-29
Mitigation only
No fix yet — a mitigation exists. There is no fixed release. A documented workaround reduces exposure in the meantime.
See remediation →
84/100
Remediation priority · High
Remotely reachable No privileges Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
When DNSdist is configured to provide DoH via the nghttp2 provider, an attacker can cause a denial of service by crafting a DoH exchange that triggers an illegal memory access (double-free) and crash of DNSdist, causing a denial of service. The remedy is: upgrade to the patched 1.9.9 version. A workaround is to temporarily switch to the h2o provider until DNSdist has been upgraded to a fixed version. We would like to thank Charles Howes for bringing this issue to our attention.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · high confidence

DNSdist versions prior to 1.9.9 contain a double-free vulnerability in the nghttp2-based DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH) provider. An attacker can trigger this by sending specially crafted DoH requests that cause illegal memory access, resulting in a crash and denial of service.

MitigationUpgrade DNSdist to version 1.9.9 or later to patch the double-free vulnerability. As a temporary workaround, switch the DoH provider from nghttp2 to h2o until the upgrade can be performed.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Verify DNSdist is installed
    Run 'dnsdist --version' or check for the dnsdist binary in /usr/sbin/dnsdist or /usr/bin/dnsdist
    Affected if dnsdist binary is not found, meaning the product is not present
  2. Check the installed DNSdist version
    Run 'dnsdist --version' and compare the version number to 1.9.9
    Affected if the reported version is lower than 1.9.9 (e.g., 1.9.8, 1.9.0, etc.)
  3. Determine if DoH with nghttp2 is configured
    Review the dnsdist configuration file (typically /etc/dnsdist.conf or /etc/dnsdist/dnsdist.conf) and look for addDOH(), DOHFrontend(), or similar DoH-related configuration lines. Check if the provider is set to nghttp2 or if no explicit provider is specified (defaults to nghttp2 in affected versions)
    Affected if DoH is configured using the nghttp2 provider (or using default settings where nghttp2 is the default) on a version prior to 1.9.9

A defender is affected if they are running DNSdist version 1.9.8 or lower AND have DNS-over-HTTPS enabled with the nghttp2 provider configured.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

dbcve · scoped
Mitigation available No clean upgrade yet — mitigate in the meantime
Mitigation

Upgrade DNSdist to version 1.9.9 or later to patch the double-free vulnerability. As a temporary workaround, switch the DoH provider from nghttp2 to h2o until the upgrade can be performed.

Recommended fix High confidence

dnsdist version 1.9.9

  1. Upgrade dnsdist to version 1.9.9 or later to resolve the use-after-free vulnerability in the nghttp2 DoH provider.
  2. If immediate upgrade is not possible, temporarily configure dnsdist to use the h2o provider instead of nghttp2 for DNS-over-HTTPS until the upgrade can be performed.

Generated from the published advisory — verify against the referenced sources before acting.

Have this fixed Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation2.0 h
  • Implementation2.0 h
  • Testing3.0 h
  • Review / QA1.0 h
8.0 hours of engineering $1,390
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Scan for this in your stack

Free · runs locally
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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-30194 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
  • No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
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