dbcve.org
IpadosOperating system · Apple

CVE-2025-31209

MEDIUM · 6.3 CVSS v3.1 Published 2025-05-12
Fix available
A fix is available. Upgrade to 2.5 / 11.5 or later.
See remediation →
69/100
Remediation priority · Elevated
Remotely reachable Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.5 and iPadOS 18.5, iPadOS 17.7.7, macOS Sequoia 15.5, macOS Sonoma 14.7.6, macOS Ventura 13.7.6, tvOS 18.5, visionOS 2.5, watchOS 11.5. Parsing a file may lead to disclosure of user information.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · high confidence

An out-of-bounds read vulnerability in Apple operating systems allows parsing a maliciously crafted file to read beyond allocated memory boundaries, potentially exposing sensitive user information. The issue was addressed with improved bounds checking in the file parsing component.

MitigationApply the vendor-supplied security updates: iOS 18.5, iPadOS 18.5/17.7.7, macOS Sequoia 15.5/Sonoma 14.7.6/Ventura 13.7.6, tvOS 18.5, visionOS 2.5, and watchOS 11.5.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

Affected products & versions What the vendor confirmedThe version ranges the vendor confirmed as vulnerable. If your version sits inside a range here, treat yourself as exposed until you have upgraded.

NVD · CPE data
IpadosOperating system
Affected:< 17.7.7>= 18.0, < 18.5
Iphone OsOperating system
Affected:< 18.5
macOSOperating system
Affected:< 13.7.6>= 14.0, < 14.7.6>= 15.0, < 15.5
TvosOperating system
Affected:< 18.5
VisionosOperating system
Affected:< 2.5
WatchosOperating system
Affected:< 11.5

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
Low
Integrity
Low
Availability
Low

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Identify the device or computer product and version
    On macOS, run 'sw_vers' in Terminal. On iOS/iPadOS, go to Settings > General > About. On tvOS/watchOS/visionOS, go to Settings > General > About.
    Affected if The product matches one of the affected operating systems (iOS, iPadOS, macOS, tvOS, visionOS, watchOS) and the version falls within the vulnerable ranges.
  2. Check iOS or iPadOS version
    For iPhone or iPad, go to Settings > General > About and note the version number. Compare against: iOS < 18.5, or iPadOS < 17.7.7, or >= 18.0 but < 18.5.
    Affected if The installed iOS version is less than 18.5, or iPadOS is less than 17.7.7 or between 18.0 and 18.5.
  3. Check macOS version
    Run 'sw_vers' in Terminal or go to System Settings > General > About. Compare against: macOS < 13.7.6, or >= 14.0 but < 14.7.6, or >= 15.0 but < 15.5.
    Affected if The installed macOS version is below 13.7.6, between 14.0-14.7.5, or between 15.0-15.4.
  4. Check tvOS, watchOS, or visionOS version
    On Apple TV, go to Settings > General > About. On Apple Watch, use the Watch app on iPhone > General > About. On Vision Pro, go to Settings > General > About. Compare against: tvOS < 18.5, watchOS < 11.5, visionOS < 2.5.
    Affected if The installed tvOS version is below 18.5, watchOS is below 11.5, or visionOS is below 2.5.

A user is affected if their device runs any version of iOS, iPadOS, macOS, tvOS, visionOS, or watchOS that falls within the vulnerable version ranges and they have the ability to parse files, which is a standard capability of these operating systems.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

dbcve · scoped
Upgrade available Upgrade to 2.5 / 11.5 / 13.7.6 or later
Fixed in 2.511.513.7.6
Interim mitigation

Apply the vendor-supplied security updates: iOS 18.5, iPadOS 18.5/17.7.7, macOS Sequoia 15.5/Sonoma 14.7.6/Ventura 13.7.6, tvOS 18.5, visionOS 2.5, and watchOS 11.5.

Recommended fix High confidence

iOS 18.5/iPadOS 18.5/iPadOS 17.7.7/macOS Ventura 13.7.6/macOS Sonoma 14.7.6/macOS Sequoia 15.5/tvOS 18.5/visionOS 2.5/watchOS 11.5 (depending on device)

  1. Back up all important data on the device before updating
  2. For iPhone and iPad: Go to Settings > General > Software Update and install iOS 18.5 or iPadOS 18.5/17.7.7 as appropriate
  3. For Mac: Go to System Settings > General > Software Update and install macOS Ventura 13.7.6, Sonoma 14.7.6, or Sequoia 15.5 as appropriate
  4. For Apple TV: Go to Settings > System > Software Updates and install tvOS 18.5
  5. For Apple Watch: Go to Settings > General > Software Update and install watchOS 11.5
  6. For Apple Vision Pro: Go to Settings > General > Software Update and install visionOS 2.5
  7. After updating, verify the update was successful by checking the OS version in Settings
Caveat Major OS updates may have compatibility issues with older applications; review app compatibility before updating

Generated from the published advisory — verify against the referenced sources before acting.

Fix this in Ipados Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation2.0 h
  • Implementation8.0 h
  • Testing4.0 h
  • Review / QA2.0 h
16.0 hours of engineering $2,800
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Scan for this in your stack

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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-31209 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
  • No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
  • No spam, self-promotion, credentials, or personal data