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Improper Certificate ValidationWeakness · CWE-295

CVE-2025-32057

MEDIUM · 6.5 CVSS v3.1 Published 2026-01-22
Mitigation only
No fix yet — a mitigation exists. There is no fixed release. A documented workaround reduces exposure in the meantime.
See remediation →
72/100
Remediation priority · Elevated
Remotely reachable No privileges

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
The Infotainment ECU manufactured by Bosch which is installed in Nissan Leaf ZE1 – 2020 uses a Redbend service for over-the-air provisioning and updates. HTTPS is used for communication with the back-end server. Due to usage of the default configuration for the underlying SSL engine, the server root certificate is not verified. As a result, an attacker may be able to impersonate a Redbend backend server using a self-signed certificate. First identified on Nissan Leaf ZE1 manufactured in 2020.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · moderate confidence

The Infotainment ECU in Nissan Leaf ZE1 2020 uses Redbend for OTA provisioning/updates with HTTPS, but the SSL engine's default configuration disables server root certificate verification. This allows attackers to impersonate the Redbend backend via self-signed certificates and perform man-in-the-middle attacks.

MitigationUpdate the SSL/TLS configuration in the Infotainment ECU firmware to enforce proper server certificate validation, or deploy a firmware update with corrected certificate verification.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
None
Availability
None

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Identify Infotainment ECU model and firmware version
    Access the vehicle's infotainment system settings or diagnostic port to retrieve the ECU firmware version. For the Nissan Leaf ZE1, check the head unit firmware via the settings menu under 'System Information' or use OBD-II with appropriate diagnostic software to read the Infotainment ECU version.
    Affected if The vehicle is a Nissan Leaf ZE1 model year 2020 and the Infotainment ECU firmware matches the affected configuration using Redbend for OTA.
  2. Confirm Redbend OTA component is present
    Inspect the infotainment system firmware or software bill of materials for the presence of Redbend software components. This may require accessing the filesystem via diagnostic tools or extracting the firmware image if accessible.
    Affected if Redbend software for OTA provisioning and updates is installed on the Infotainment ECU.
  3. Check SSL/TLS configuration for certificate verification
    Examine the SSL/TLS configuration files or settings used by the Redbend OTA client. Look for configuration parameters related to certificate validation such as 'verify_peer', 'verify_server_cert', 'allow_self_signed', or similar settings in the Redbend client configuration.
    Affected if Server root certificate verification is disabled or set to false in the SSL configuration (e.g., verify_peer=0, verify_server_cert disabled, or allow_self_signed=true).
  4. Verify HTTPS is used for OTA communications
    Monitor network traffic from the Infotainment ECU during OTA update checks, or inspect the Redbend client configuration for the server URL protocol (http vs https).
    Affected if The OTA update server URL uses HTTPS but certificate verification is disabled, or the configuration allows fallback to HTTP.

The environment is affected if it is a Nissan Leaf ZE1 2020 with an Infotainment ECU using Redbend for OTA where the SSL configuration disables server certificate verification.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

From vendor data
Mitigation available No clean upgrade yet — mitigate in the meantime
Mitigation

Update the SSL/TLS configuration in the Infotainment ECU firmware to enforce proper server certificate validation, or deploy a firmware update with corrected certificate verification.

Have this fixed Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation6.0 h
  • Implementation12.0 h
  • Testing10.0 h
  • Review / QA6.0 h
34.0 hours of engineering $5,940
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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-32057 in production — separate from our analysis above.

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What this is

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