Improper Signature VerificationWeakness · CWE-347

CVE-2025-32060

MEDIUM · 6.7 CVSS v3.1 Published 2026-02-15
Mitigation only
No fix yet — a mitigation exists. There is no fixed release. A documented workaround reduces exposure in the meantime.
See remediation →
69/100
Remediation priority · Elevated
Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
The system suffers from the absence of a kernel module signature verification. If an attacker can execute commands on behalf of root user (due to additional vulnerabilities), then he/she is also able to load custom kernel modules to the kernel space and execute code in the kernel context. Such a flaw can lead to taking control over the entire system. First identified on Nissan Leaf ZE1 manufactured in 2020.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · moderate confidence

The system lacks kernel module signature verification, allowing an attacker with root privileges to load arbitrary unsigned kernel modules into kernel space and execute code in kernel context. This provides complete control over the system.

MitigationImplement kernel module signature verification (CONFIG_MODULE_SIG or equivalent) and establish a secure boot chain to ensure only cryptographically signed modules from trusted sources can be loaded.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Local
Complexity
Low
Privileges
High
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Check if kernel module signature verification is compiled in
    Inspect /boot/config-$(uname -r) or /proc/config.gz for CONFIG_MODULE_SIG setting. Look for CONFIG_MODULE_SIG=y (enabled) or CONFIG_MODULE_SIG is not set (disabled).
    Affected if CONFIG_MODULE_SIG is not set or set to =n, meaning module signature verification is not compiled into the kernel
  2. Check if module signature enforcement is enabled
    Inspect the same kernel config for CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_FORCE. If present and set to =y, signature verification is mandatory.
    Affected if CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_FORCE is not set or set to =n, meaning loading unsigned modules is still allowed
  3. Check current module loading restrictions at runtime
    Run 'cat /proc/sys/kernel/modules_disabled' to see if module loading is disabled (1) or enabled (0). Also check 'sysctl kernel.modules_disabled'.
    Affected if modules_disabled returns 0, meaning modules can still be loaded dynamically
  4. Check secure boot status if available
    Run 'mokutil --sb-state' or check /sys/firmware/efi/efivars/SecureBoot-* to see if secure boot is enabled.
    Affected if Secure boot is disabled or not available, meaning there is no firmware-level enforcement of code integrity
  5. Test whether an unsigned module can be loaded
    Attempt to load a test module or check system logs for module signature rejection messages. Review dmesg for 'module signature' or 'module verification' errors.
    Affected if No signature validation errors occur when loading arbitrary modules, confirming the vulnerability is exploitable

The system is affected if kernel module signature verification (CONFIG_MODULE_SIG) is not enabled or enforced, allowing unsigned kernel modules to be loaded.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

From vendor data
Mitigation available No clean upgrade yet — mitigate in the meantime
Mitigation

Implement kernel module signature verification (CONFIG_MODULE_SIG or equivalent) and establish a secure boot chain to ensure only cryptographically signed modules from trusted sources can be loaded.

Have this fixed Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation10.0 h
  • Implementation30.0 h
  • Testing20.0 h
  • Review / QA12.0 h
72.0 hours of engineering $12,560
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Scan for this in your stack

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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-32060 in production — separate from our analysis above.

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
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