Code InjectionWeakness · CWE-94

CVE-2025-33233

HIGH · 7.8 CVSS v3.1 Published 2026-01-20
Mitigation only
No fix yet — a mitigation exists. There is no fixed release. A documented workaround reduces exposure in the meantime.
See remediation →
80/100
Remediation priority · High
Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
NVIDIA Merlin Transformers4Rec for all platforms contains a vulnerability where an attacker could cause code injection. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to code execution, escalation of privileges, information disclosure, and data tampering.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · moderate confidence

NVIDIA Merlin Transformers4Rec contains a code injection vulnerability that allows an attacker to inject and execute arbitrary code. This vulnerability can be exploited to achieve code execution, privilege escalation, information disclosure, and data tampering within the affected application context.

MitigationRemediate by implementing strict input validation and sanitization on all user-controlled inputs processed by Transformers4Rec, and audit code paths where dynamic execution occurs to ensure no unsanitized data reaches eval(), exec(), or similar functions.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Local
Complexity
Low
Privileges
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Identify if Transformers4Rec is installed
    Run 'pip show transformers4rec' or check your Python environment for the transformers4rec package
    Affected if The package is present in your environment
  2. Determine installed version
    Run 'pip show transformers4rec' and note the Version field, then compare against any published affected version ranges from NVIDIA's security advisory
    Affected if Your installed version falls within the affected version range
  3. Locate dynamic code execution usage in Transformers4Rec
    Search the transformers4rec installation directory for usage of eval(), exec(), compile(), or similar functions (e.g., grep -r 'eval\|exec\|compile' in the package directory)
    Affected if These functions are present and process user-controlled input without sanitization
  4. Inspect input handling code paths
    Review code that processes user inputs within Transformers4Rec, focusing on modules that accept external data (such as feature extraction, data loading, or configuration parsing)
    Affected if User-supplied data reaches dynamic execution functions without validation
  5. Check configuration for unsanitized inputs
    Examine configuration files, model parameter inputs, or API endpoints within Transformers4Rec that accept user-provided values
    Affected if User-controllable parameters are passed to dynamic execution contexts

You are affected if you have Transformers4Rec installed with a vulnerable version AND your environment allows unsanitized user input to reach dynamic code execution functions within the application.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

From vendor data
Mitigation available No clean upgrade yet — mitigate in the meantime
Mitigation

Remediate by implementing strict input validation and sanitization on all user-controlled inputs processed by Transformers4Rec, and audit code paths where dynamic execution occurs to ensure no unsanitized data reaches eval(), exec(), or similar functions.

Have this fixed Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation4.0 h
  • Implementation8.0 h
  • Testing6.0 h
  • Review / QA3.0 h
21.0 hours of engineering $3,680
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Scan for this in your stack

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dbcve dependency scanner

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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-33233 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
  • No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
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