Heap-based Buffer OverflowWeakness · CWE-122

CVE-2025-36853

HIGH · 7.5 CVSS v3.1 Published 2025-09-08
Mitigation only
No fix yet — a mitigation exists. There is no fixed release. A documented workaround reduces exposure in the meantime.
See remediation →
82/100
Remediation priority · High
Remotely reachable No privileges

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
A vulnerability (CVE-2025-21172) exists in msdia140.dll due to integer overflow and heap-based overflow. Per CWE-122: Heap-based Buffer Overflow, a heap overflow condition is a buffer overflow, where the buffer that can be overwritten is allocated in the heap portion of memory, generally meaning that the buffer was allocated using a routine such as malloc().‍ Per CWE-190: Integer Overflow or Wraparound, is when a product performs a calculation that can produce an integer overflow or wraparound when the logic assumes that the resulting value will always be larger than the original value. This occurs when an integer value is incremented to a value that is too large to store in the associated representation. When this occurs, the value may become a very small or negative number. NOTE: This CVE affects only End Of Life (EOL) software components. The vendor, Microsoft, has indicated there will be no future updates nor support provided upon inquiry.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · high confidence

A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in msdia140.dll (Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable debug information viewer) caused by an integer overflow that allows a calculation to wraparound, resulting in insufficient memory allocation. This can be exploited to overwrite adjacent heap memory.

MitigationSince this affects EOL software with no vendor patches forthcoming, mitigate by removing msdia140.dll if unused, restricting access to applications that invoke it, or implementing application-layer/network controls to limit exposure to untrusted files that trigger this DLL.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
High
Privileges
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Locate msdia140.dll on the system
    Search for msdia140.dll in common system directories: C:\Windows\System32\, C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\, or search the entire system using: dir /s C:\msdia140.dll or Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Filter msdia140.dll on PowerShell
    Affected if The file exists on the system (indicating Visual C++ Redistributable debug info viewer components are installed)
  2. Determine the file version of msdia140.dll
    Right-click the DLL file, select Properties, then check the Version tab. Alternatively, use PowerShell: (Get-Item 'C:\Path\To\msdia140.dll').VersionInfo or run 'msdia140.dll' version info via command line tools
    Affected if The DLL version exists but cannot be compared to a patched version (no vendor patch available for this EOL component)
  3. Identify processes or applications that load msdia140.dll
    Use Process Explorer or Process Monitor to detect which running processes have msdia140.dll loaded, or run: tasklist /m msdia140.dll
    Affected if Applications are actively invoking the DLL for debug information viewing functionality
  4. Audit for unused or unnecessary Visual C++ debug tooling
    Review installed programs for Visual C++ Redistributable debug information viewer, Visual Studio debug tools, or related components that ship msdia140.dll
    Affected if The DLL is present from a Visual Studio or Redistributable installation that is not actively needed for development or debugging workflows

The system is affected if msdia140.dll is present and accessible to applications that process debug information files, as the integer overflow vulnerability can be triggered during heap allocation calculations.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

From vendor data
Mitigation available No clean upgrade yet — mitigate in the meantime
Mitigation

Since this affects EOL software with no vendor patches forthcoming, mitigate by removing msdia140.dll if unused, restricting access to applications that invoke it, or implementing application-layer/network controls to limit exposure to untrusted files that trigger this DLL.

Have this fixed Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation8.0 h
  • Implementation12.0 h
  • Testing6.0 h
  • Review / QA4.0 h
30.0 hours of engineering $5,380
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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-36853 in production — separate from our analysis above.

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What this is

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What belongs here
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  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
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