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FirefoxWeb browser · Mozilla

CVE-2025-4082

MEDIUM · 5.9 CVSS v3.1 Published 2025-04-29
Fix available
A fix is available. Upgrade to 115.23 / 128.10 or later.
See remediation →
68/100
Remediation priority · Elevated
Remotely reachable No privileges Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
Modification of specific WebGL shader attributes could trigger an out-of-bounds read, which, when chained with other vulnerabilities, could be used to escalate privileges. *This bug only affects Thunderbird for macOS. Other versions of Thunderbird are unaffected.*. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 138, Firefox ESR 128.10, Firefox ESR 115.23, Thunderbird 138, and Thunderbird 128.10.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · high confidence

A memory safety vulnerability in Thunderbird's WebGL implementation on macOS allows modification of specific shader attributes to trigger an out-of-bounds read. This information disclosure issue can potentially be chained with other vulnerabilities to achieve privilege escalation.

MitigationUpdate Thunderbird for macOS to version 138 or 128.10 (or later) to obtain the patched WebGL component. Organizations should verify which systems are running affected macOS Thunderbird versions and deploy the update via standard patch management processes.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

Affected products & versions What the vendor confirmedThe version ranges the vendor confirmed as vulnerable. If your version sits inside a range here, treat yourself as exposed until you have upgraded.

NVD · CPE data
FirefoxWeb browser
Affected:< 115.23< 138.0>= 128.0, < 128.10
ThunderbirdApplication
Affected:< 128.10.0< 138.0

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
High
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
None
Availability
None

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Identify installed Thunderbird version on macOS
    Run 'defaults read /Applications/Thunderbird.app/Contents/Info CFBundleVersion' in Terminal to get the version string, or check Help > About Thunderbird from the application menu
    Affected if The version is lower than 128.10.0 or lower than 138.0 (e.g., 127.x, 128.0-128.9.x, or any version below 138.0)
  2. Confirm operating system is macOS
    Run 'sw_vers' or 'uname -s' in Terminal to verify the OS is Darwin/macOS, as this vulnerability specifically affects the macOS WebGL implementation
    Affected if The OS is macOS (this vulnerability does not affect Windows or Linux versions)
  3. Verify WebGL module is present in Thunderbird
    Check if Thunderbird has WebGL capability by examining the application bundle for WebGL-related components, or inspect about:support page if accessible in Thunderbird
    Affected if WebGL components are present and the version is in the affected range listed above

A user is affected if they are running Thunderbird on macOS with version lower than 128.10.0 or lower than 138.0, and the application contains the vulnerable WebGL implementation.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

dbcve · scoped
Upgrade available Upgrade to 115.23 / 128.10 / 128.10.0 or later
Fixed in 115.23128.10128.10.0
Interim mitigation

Update Thunderbird for macOS to version 138 or 128.10 (or later) to obtain the patched WebGL component. Organizations should verify which systems are running affected macOS Thunderbird versions and deploy the update via standard patch management processes.

Recommended fix High confidence

Firefox 138.0, Firefox ESR 128.10, Firefox ESR 115.23, Thunderbird 138.0, or Thunderbird 128.10 (macOS only)

  1. 1. Open Firefox and navigate to Menu > Help > About Firefox (or go to about:support)
  2. 2. Click 'Check for Updates' to download and install the latest version
  3. 3. For ESR users: If running 128.x ESR, upgrade to 128.10; if running 115.x ESR, upgrade to 115.23
  4. 4. Restart Firefox after the update completes
  5. 5. For Thunderbird on macOS: Open Thunderbird, go to Help > About Thunderbird
  6. 6. Click 'Check for Updates' and install the latest version (128.10 or 138.0)
Caveat Standard Mozilla release upgrades typically do not break user settings or add-ons; ESR upgrades are backward-compatible

Generated from the published advisory — verify against the referenced sources before acting.

Fix this in Firefox Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation2.0 h
  • Implementation2.0 h
  • Testing2.0 h
  • Review / QA1.0 h
7.0 hours of engineering $1,240
Get the upgrade done

An estimate, not a bill — we confirm scope with you before any work starts. Need it this week? Rush from $1,984.

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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-4082 in production — separate from our analysis above.

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
  • No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
  • No spam, self-promotion, credentials, or personal data