dbcve.org
ApprainApplication

CVE-2025-41049

MEDIUM · 5.4 CVSS v3.1 Published 2025-09-04
Mitigation only
No fix yet — a mitigation exists. There is no fixed release. A documented workaround reduces exposure in the meantime.
See remediation →
58/100
Remediation priority · Elevated
Remotely reachable

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
A vulnerability has been discovered in appRain CMF version 4.0.5, consisting of a stored authenticated XSS due to a lack of proper validation of user input, through the 'data[Addon][layouts]' and 'data[Addon][layouts_except]' parameters in /apprain/developer/addons/update/appform.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · high confidence

A stored authenticated XSS vulnerability in appRain CMF 4.0.5 allows authenticated attackers to inject malicious JavaScript through the 'data[Addon][layouts]' and 'data[Addon][layouts_except]' parameters in the addon update functionality at /apprain/developer/addons/update/appform. The lack of proper input validation causes the malicious payload to be stored and executed when other users view affected pages.

MitigationImplement proper input validation and output encoding for the 'data[Addon][layouts]' and 'data[Addon][layouts_except]' parameters. Sanitize user-supplied input before storage and encode output when rendering to prevent XSS execution.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

Affected products & versions What the vendor confirmedThe version ranges the vendor confirmed as vulnerable. If your version sits inside a range here, treat yourself as exposed until you have upgraded.

NVD · CPE data
ApprainApplication
Affected:= 4.0.5

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
Low
User interaction
Required
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality
Low
Integrity
Low
Availability
None

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Identify if appRain CMF is installed
    Check for the presence of appRain files in your web root, typically looking for index.php and app/Model, app/Controller directories, or check server software for appRain CMF signatures
    Affected if appRain CMF is present on the server
  2. Confirm the appRain version
    Look for a version file or check the header/meta information in the application. Common locations include a config file like app/Config/core.php, a README file, or the meta tags in the main index
    Affected if The installed version is exactly 4.0.5
  3. Check if the addon update endpoint is accessible
    Verify the existence and accessibility of the path /apprain/developer/addons/update/appform on your server. Attempt a HEAD request to confirm the route exists
    Affected if The addon update functionality at /apprain/developer/addons/update/appform is accessible and present
  4. Verify authentication requirements for the affected endpoint
    Determine if the addon update page requires authentication. Check if unauthenticated access is possible or if session/login is required to reach the vulnerable parameter input
    Affected if An authenticated session can be obtained to access the addon update form with the vulnerable parameters
  5. Inspect stored data for malicious payloads
    Examine the database tables related to addons, specifically any table storing the 'layouts' or 'layouts_except' fields. Query for XSS patterns like <script>, javascript:, or event handlers in these fields
    Affected if The database contains unsanitized input in fields corresponding to data[Addon][layouts] or data[Addon][layouts_except] containing XSS vectors

A user is affected if they are running appRain CMF version 4.0.5 with the addon update functionality accessible to authenticated users and stored XSS payloads exist in the layouts or layouts_except addon configuration fields.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

From vendor data
Mitigation available No clean upgrade yet — mitigate in the meantime
Mitigation

Implement proper input validation and output encoding for the 'data[Addon][layouts]' and 'data[Addon][layouts_except]' parameters. Sanitize user-supplied input before storage and encode output when rendering to prevent XSS execution.

Fix this in Apprain Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation3.0 h
  • Implementation6.0 h
  • Testing3.0 h
  • Review / QA2.0 h
14.0 hours of engineering $2,490
Get help mitigating

An estimate, not a bill — we confirm scope with you before any work starts. Need it this week? Rush from $3,984.

Scan for this in your stack

Free · runs locally
dbcve dependency scanner

Check whether your project pulls in CVE-2025-41049 — or any other known-vulnerable package — straight from your lock files. Free and open source; it runs locally and uploads nothing.

Get it on GitHub Scan in the browser

References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-41049 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

Be the first to add a field note for this CVE — a mitigation you’ve verified, a version caveat, or a link to a working fix. Sign in above to contribute.

What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
  • No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
  • No spam, self-promotion, credentials, or personal data