Missing AuthenticationWeakness · CWE-306

CVE-2025-41656

CRITICAL · 10.0 CVSS v3.1 Published 2025-07-01
Mitigation only
No fix yet — a mitigation exists. There is no fixed release. A documented workaround reduces exposure in the meantime.
See remediation →
100/100
Remediation priority · Urgent
Remotely reachable No privileges Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
An unauthenticated remote attacker can run arbitrary commands on the affected devices with high privileges because the authentication for the Node_RED server is not configured by default.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · high confidence

Node_RED server deployed on affected devices has authentication disabled by default, allowing any remote attacker to connect without credentials and execute arbitrary commands with high system privileges.

MitigationEnable and configure authentication for Node_RED servers, implement proper username/password credentials, and restrict network access to trusted sources.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Locate Node_RED installation and version
    Run 'node --version' to check Node.js version, then run 'node -p "require('./package.json').version"' from the Node_RED installation directory, or check the settings.js file typically located at ~/.node-red/settings.js or /etc/node-red/settings.js
    Affected if Node_RED is installed and the version cannot be verified against the fixed version (if known) or if authentication settings cannot be located
  2. Verify admin authentication is enabled
    Open the Node_RED settings.js file and search for the 'adminAuth' configuration section. Check if it is defined with a valid user credential object containing username and password/passwordHash properties
    Affected if The 'adminAuth' section is commented out, missing, or set to null/undefined, meaning authentication is disabled by default
  3. Verify HTTP node authentication is enabled
    In the same settings.js file, locate the 'httpNodeAuth' configuration. Confirm it contains valid user:password or user:passwordHash values
    Affected if The 'httpNodeAuth' property is absent, commented out, or not configured with credentials
  4. Check Node_RED network binding configuration
    Review the settings.js file for 'uiHost' or 'uiPort' settings, and check how Node_RED was started (command line arguments). Run 'netstat -tlnp | grep 1880' or 'ss -tlnp | grep 1880' to see which network interface Node_RED is listening on
    Affected if Node_RED is bound to 0.0.0.0 or an external IP address rather than 127.0.0.1 (localhost), making it network-accessible without authentication

A user is affected if Node_RED is running with default settings where adminAuth and httpNodeAuth are not configured, especially if bound to a network-accessible interface.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

From vendor data
Mitigation available No clean upgrade yet — mitigate in the meantime
Mitigation

Enable and configure authentication for Node_RED servers, implement proper username/password credentials, and restrict network access to trusted sources.

Have this fixed Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation2.0 h
  • Implementation4.0 h
  • Testing2.0 h
  • Review / QA1.0 h
9.0 hours of engineering $1,600
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Scan for this in your stack

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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-41656 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
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