OS Command InjectionWeakness · CWE-78

CVE-2025-41709

CRITICAL · 9.8 CVSS v3.1 Published 2026-03-10
Mitigation only
No fix yet — a mitigation exists. There is no fixed release. A documented workaround reduces exposure in the meantime.
See remediation →
100/100
Remediation priority · Urgent
Remotely reachable No privileges Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
An unauthenticated remote attacker can perform a command injection via Modbus-TCP or Modbus-RTU to gain read and write access on the affected device.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · high confidence

An unauthenticated remote attacker can inject arbitrary commands through the Modbus-TCP or Modbus-RTU protocol interfaces on affected industrial control devices, achieving full read/write access without any authentication. This command injection allows complete compromise of the device and potentially the broader ICS network segment.

MitigationApply vendor patches immediately if available; if no patch exists, implement strict network segmentation to isolate affected devices behind firewalls with strict access controls, and disable unnecessary Modbus access or enforce authentication proxies.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Identify Modbus services exposure
    Scan network for open ports 502 (Modbus-TCP) and verify serial/RTU connectivity to the device. Use 'netstat -an | grep 502' or network scanner to list listening services.
    Affected if Modbus-TCP port 502 or Modbus-RTU serial interfaces are accessible from untrusted networks without firewall filtering
  2. Verify Modbus authentication configuration
    Consult device documentation or web interface for Modbus authentication settings. Check if any username/password, API keys, or certificate-based auth is required for Modbus commands.
    Affected if No authentication is required or authentication is set to disabled for Modbus protocol access
  3. Confirm device accepts unauthenticated Modbus commands
    Use a Modbus client tool (like modbus-cli, qmodbus, or mbtget) to send a read request (function code 03) to holding registers without providing credentials. A successful response indicates the vulnerability.
    Affected if Device responds to Modbus read/write requests without any authentication credentials
  4. Review network segmentation and access controls
    Examine firewall rules, VLAN configuration, or network ACLs protecting the device. Check if port 502 is blocked from untrusted networks or restricted to specific management IPs.
    Affected if Modbus interface is reachable from non-management network segments or the internet without filtering

If Modbus-TCP/RTU services are network-accessible and respond to unauthenticated read/write commands, the device is affected by this vulnerability.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

From vendor data
Mitigation available No clean upgrade yet — mitigate in the meantime
Mitigation

Apply vendor patches immediately if available; if no patch exists, implement strict network segmentation to isolate affected devices behind firewalls with strict access controls, and disable unnecessary Modbus access or enforce authentication proxies.

Have this fixed Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation8.0 h
  • Implementation16.0 h
  • Testing8.0 h
  • Review / QA4.0 h
36.0 hours of engineering $6,400
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Scan for this in your stack

Free · runs locally
dbcve dependency scanner

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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-41709 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
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