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Pan OsOperating system · Paloaltonetworks

CVE-2025-4231

HIGH · 7.2 CVSS v3.1 Published 2025-06-13
Fix available
A fix is available. Upgrade to 10.2.8 / 11.0.3 or later.
See remediation →
78/100
Remediation priority · High
Remotely reachable Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
A command injection vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS® enables an authenticated administrative user to perform actions as the root user. The attacker must have network access to the management web interface and successfully authenticate to exploit this issue. Cloud NGFW and Prisma Access are not impacted by this vulnerability.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · moderate confidence

A command injection vulnerability exists in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS management web interface. An authenticated administrative user can execute arbitrary commands with root privileges by exploiting insufficient input validation. The vulnerability is exploitable remotely via the management interface and grants the attacker full system-level control.

MitigationApply the vendor-supplied PAN-OS security update immediately. Restrict management interface access to trusted IP addresses, enforce least-privilege administrative accounts, and monitor for anomalous admin activity.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

Affected products & versions What the vendor confirmedThe version ranges the vendor confirmed as vulnerable. If your version sits inside a range here, treat yourself as exposed until you have upgraded.

NVD · CPE data
Pan OsOperating system
Affected:>= 10.2.0, < 10.2.8>= 11.0.0, < 11.0.3

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
High
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Identify PAN-OS version
    Run 'show system info' via PAN-OS CLI or check the web interface under Device > Setup > Operations menu. Look for the 'PAN-OS' version field.
    Affected if The installed version falls within 10.2.0 through 10.2.7, or 11.0.0 through 11.0.2.
  2. Confirm management web interface is accessible
    Verify the management web interface (HTTPS on port 443/TCP) is listening and reachable. Check network configuration via 'show management interface' CLI command.
    Affected if The management interface is enabled and exposed to network accessible by untrusted users.
  3. Review active administrative sessions
    Run 'show admin users' via CLI to list currently logged-in administrators. Check for unknown or unexpected admin accounts.
    Affected if Unrecognized admin accounts or sessions are present.
  4. Inspect for suspicious processes or commands
    Run 'show system resources' and 'show system resources history' via CLI. Look for unexpected processes or commands with root-level execution.
    Affected if Unexpected processes are running or unusual command executions are observed.
  5. Examine system logs for command injection indicators
    Review logs under Monitor > Logs > System in the web interface or use 'show log system' CLI command. Search for entries containing 'commit', 'xml-api', or shell command patterns.
    Affected if Log entries show unexpected configuration commits, API calls, or command executions from administrative accounts.

You are affected if your PAN-OS version is between 10.2.0-10.2.7 or 11.0.0-11.0.2 AND the management web interface is accessible to the attacker.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

dbcve · scoped
Upgrade available Upgrade to 10.2.8 / 11.0.3 or later
Fixed in 10.2.811.0.3
Interim mitigation

Apply the vendor-supplied PAN-OS security update immediately. Restrict management interface access to trusted IP addresses, enforce least-privilege administrative accounts, and monitor for anomalous admin activity.

Recommended fix High confidence

PAN-OS 10.2.8 or later (10.2.x branch); PAN-OS 11.0.3 or later (11.0.x branch, preferably latest 11.x release)

  1. Identify your current PAN-OS version by navigating to Device > Support in the web management interface
  2. Determine which branch (10.2.x or 11.0.x) you are currently running
  3. For PAN-OS 10.2.x users: Plan upgrade to PAN-OS 10.2.8 or later (preferably latest 10.2.x stable release)
  4. For PAN-OS 11.0.x users: Plan upgrade to PAN-OS 11.0.3 or later (preferably latest 11.0.x stable release)
  5. Review Palo Alto Networks release notes andUpgrade Guide for pre-upgrade checks and注意事项
  6. Download the appropriate PAN-OS upgrade from the Palo Alto Networks Support Portal
  7. Backup current configuration using Device > Setup > Operations > Save named configuration snapshot
  8. Execute upgrade via Device > Software > Upload and Install, or via CLI using request system software install <filename>
Caveat The provided description does not specify breaking changes; consult release notes for branch-specific caveats

Generated from the published advisory — verify against the referenced sources before acting.

Fix this in Pan Os Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation3.0 h
  • Implementation6.0 h
  • Testing3.0 h
  • Review / QA2.0 h
14.0 hours of engineering $2,490
Get the upgrade done

An estimate, not a bill — we confirm scope with you before any work starts. Need it this week? Rush from $3,984.

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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-4231 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
  • No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
  • No spam, self-promotion, credentials, or personal data