Code InjectionWeakness · CWE-94

CVE-2025-46581

CRITICAL · 9.8 CVSS v3.1 Published 2025-10-14
Mitigation only
No fix yet — a mitigation exists. There is no fixed release. A documented workaround reduces exposure in the meantime.
See remediation →
100/100
Remediation priority · Urgent
Remotely reachable No privileges Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
ZTE's ZXCDN product is affected by a Struts remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker can remotely execute commands with non-root privileges.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · moderate confidence

ZTE's ZXCDN product contains a Struts-based remote code execution vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker can send specially crafted requests to the affected system to execute arbitrary commands with non-root privileges, potentially leading to full system compromise.

MitigationApply vendor-supplied patches or upgrade ZXCDN to a fixed version. If no patch is available, restrict network access to the management interface and consider deploying a WAF with Struts attack signatures as a temporary compensating control.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Confirm ZXCDN installation
    Identify if ZTE ZXCDN software is installed by checking for product binaries, services, or management interfaces on the system. Look for ZXCDN processes or services running on the host.
    Affected if ZXCDN software is present on the system
  2. Determine ZXCDN version
    Locate and read the ZXCDN version information from installed binaries, configuration files, or the management interface. Common locations include about pages, version files in installation directories, or banner grabbing from network services.
    Affected if Installed version matches or falls within an affected range (verify against vendor advisory for specific vulnerable versions)
  3. Identify Struts management interface exposure
    Check if the ZXCDN management interface is network-accessible. Inspect firewall rules, network configurations, and listening services to determine if port 8080, 8443, or other common web service ports are exposed externally.
    Affected if Management interface is reachable from untrusted networks without proper access controls
  4. Test for Struts vulnerability response
    If the management interface is accessible, send a benign test request with minimal Struts OGNL injection patterns (such as simple expression tests) to observe if the application processes OGNL syntax. Use caution and authorized testing only.
    Affected if Application processes and evaluates OGNL expressions in HTTP parameters, indicating the Struts vulnerability may be present
  5. Review access logs for exploitation attempts
    Examine web server access logs and application logs for suspicious patterns characteristic of Struts RCE exploits, such as unusual parameter values containing OGNL syntax or command execution patterns.
    Affected if Logs contain requests with OGNL injection patterns or unexpected command execution attempts

The environment is affected if ZXCDN is installed with a vulnerable version and its Struts-based management interface is network-accessible.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

From vendor data
Mitigation available No clean upgrade yet — mitigate in the meantime
Mitigation

Apply vendor-supplied patches or upgrade ZXCDN to a fixed version. If no patch is available, restrict network access to the management interface and consider deploying a WAF with Struts attack signatures as a temporary compensating control.

Have this fixed Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation4.0 h
  • Implementation8.0 h
  • Testing6.0 h
  • Review / QA2.0 h
20.0 hours of engineering $3,500
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Scan for this in your stack

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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-46581 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
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  • No spam, self-promotion, credentials, or personal data