PHP File Inclusion (RFI/LFI)Weakness · CWE-98

CVE-2025-48157

HIGH · 8.1 CVSS v3.1 Published 2025-08-20
Mitigation only
No fix yet — a mitigation exists. There is no fixed release. A documented workaround reduces exposure in the meantime.
See remediation →
90/100
Remediation priority · Urgent
Remotely reachable No privileges Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Michele Giorgi Formality formality allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Formality: from n/a through <= 1.5.9.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · moderate confidence

This is a PHP Local File Inclusion (LFI) vulnerability in Michele Giorgi's Formality plugin (versions through 1.5.9). The application fails to properly validate input used in include/require statements, allowing attackers to manipulate file path references to include arbitrary local PHP files. Successful exploitation can lead to sensitive file disclosure or remote code execution depending on server configuration.

MitigationUpgrade to a patched version of Formality. If no patch is available, implement strict input validation and allowlisting for all file inclusion operations, avoid using user-supplied input directly in include/require statements, and consider disabling PHP execution in upload directories.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
High
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Confirm Formality plugin is installed
    Locate the Formality plugin directory in your CMS (commonly wp-content/plugins/formality or similar path structure) and identify the main plugin PHP file
    Affected if The Formality plugin by Michele Giorgi is present in the system
  2. Check installed version number
    Open the main plugin file and locate the version declaration in the plugin header comment. Compare this version to 1.5.9
    Affected if The installed version is 1.5.9 or any earlier version (versions through 1.5.9 are affected)
  3. Examine file inclusion code for unsanitized input
    Search the plugin source code for include, require, include_once, or require_once statements. Identify any that use variables or request parameters without proper validation
    Affected if User-controllable input is used directly in include/require statements without validation
  4. Audit dynamic file path parameters
    Review GET/POST parameters handled by the plugin and identify any that control file paths in inclusion functions. Test for path traversal capability
    Affected if Parameters accepted by the plugin can manipulate file paths used in include/require operations

You are affected if the Formality plugin version is 1.5.9 or lower AND user-supplied input can reach include/require statements without sanitization

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

From vendor data
Mitigation available No clean upgrade yet — mitigate in the meantime
Mitigation

Upgrade to a patched version of Formality. If no patch is available, implement strict input validation and allowlisting for all file inclusion operations, avoid using user-supplied input directly in include/require statements, and consider disabling PHP execution in upload directories.

Have this fixed Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation4.0 h
  • Implementation8.0 h
  • Testing4.0 h
  • Review / QA4.0 h
20.0 hours of engineering $3,560
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Scan for this in your stack

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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-48157 in production — separate from our analysis above.

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
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  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
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