CVE-2025-48461
Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.
NVD · uneditedSuccessful exploitation of the vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated attacker to conduct brute force guessing and account takeover as the session cookies are predictable, potentially allowing the attackers to gain root, admin or user access and reset passwords.
Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.
dbcve analysis · moderate confidenceThe vulnerability involves predictable session cookies that allow unauthenticated attackers to conduct brute force guessing attacks. By predicting or enumerating session identifiers, attackers could hijack valid user sessions, potentially gaining root, admin, or regular user access and performing unauthorized password resets.
Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.
Affected products & versions What the vendor confirmedThe version ranges the vendor confirmed as vulnerable. If your version sits inside a range here, treat yourself as exposed until you have upgraded.
NVD · CPE dataall versionsall versionsall versionsCVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.
From the vector- Attack vector
- Adjacent
- Complexity
- High
- Privileges
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality
- Low
- Integrity
- Low
- Availability
- Low
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.
dbcve checksWork through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.
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Identify device model and firmware versionAccess the device web interface or check the device label/metadata to confirm it is an Advantech Wise 4060lan, 4050lan, or 4010lan device. Note the firmware version if displayed.Affected if The device is a Wise 4060lan, 4050lan, or 4010lan model regardless of firmware version.
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Obtain session cookie from the deviceLog into the device web interface or trigger a session (such as accessing an authenticated endpoint) and capture the session cookie or session identifier using browser developer tools or a network proxy.Affected if A session cookie is issued by the device.
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Analyze session cookie entropy and predictabilityCollect multiple session cookies from the device (by logging in multiple times or generating new sessions). Examine the cookies for patterns: check if they are sequential, time-based, or have low character variety. Calculate the effective entropy if possible.Affected if Session cookies exhibit predictable patterns such as sequential numbering, timestamps embedded in the identifier, or low randomness (few unique characters, short length).
A user is affected if they are using an Advantech Wise 4060lan, 4050lan, or 4010lan device that generates session cookies with low entropy or predictable patterns that could be brute-forced.
Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.
Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.
From vendor dataReplace predictable session cookies with cryptographically secure random session identifiers using sufficient entropy (minimum 128 bits), implement rate limiting on authentication and session endpoints, and invalidate/regenerate sessions upon privilege changes or login events.
- Consultation4.0 h
- Implementation8.0 h
- Testing6.0 h
- Review / QA3.0 h
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Scan for this in your stack
Free · runs locallyCheck whether your project pulls in CVE-2025-48461 — or any other known-vulnerable package — straight from your lock files. Free and open source; it runs locally and uploads nothing.
References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.
Primary sourcesPractitioner notes
ContributedPeer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-48461 in production — separate from our analysis above.
The advisory tells you what broke. It rarely tells you what actually worked. If you’ve dealt with this one, that detail is what the next engineer is searching for.
- The version that genuinely resolved it — not the one the vendor claimed
- A config change or rule that shut the vector down
- A gotcha in the upgrade path that cost you an afternoon
No notes yet
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- Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
- Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
- No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
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