CVE-2025-49028
Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.
NVD · uneditedCross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Zoho Mail Zoho ZeptoMail transmail allows Stored XSS.This issue affects Zoho ZeptoMail: from n/a through <= 3.3.1.
Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.
dbcve analysis · moderate confidenceA CSRF vulnerability in Zoho ZeptoMail (versions up to 3.3.1) enables attackers to trick authenticated users into performing unintended actions that result in stored XSS. The attack chain works by leveraging the lack of CSRF protection to inject malicious scripts that persist on the server and execute when other users view the affected content.
Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.
CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.
From the vector- Attack vector
- Network
- Complexity
- Low
- Privileges
- None
- User interaction
- Required
- Scope
- Changed
- Confidentiality
- Low
- Integrity
- Low
- Availability
- Low
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.
dbcve checksWork through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.
-
Identify Zoho ZeptoMail installationCheck for ZeptoMail in your environment by reviewing installed applications, web server logs for zeptomail references, or check product documentation. Look for processes or services named ZeptoMail or check the web interface URL for zeptomail domains.Affected if Zoho ZeptoMail is present in your environment
-
Determine installed ZeptoMail versionLocate the ZeptoMail version information - typically found in the admin console under About/Help, in installation directories, or via API endpoint that returns version metadata. Compare your version number to the affected range (versions up to 3.3.1).Affected if Installed version is 3.3.1 or earlier
-
Verify CSRF protection on state-changing operationsInspect web forms and API endpoints that perform state changes (e.g., settings updates, user management, template editing). Check if each POST/PUT/DELETE request includes and validates a CSRF token or anti-CSRF mechanism. Look for missing token parameters in request headers or form bodies.Affected if State-changing forms or APIs lack CSRF token validation
-
Check for stored content injection pointsReview features that accept and store user input for later display to other users (e.g., email templates, signatures, custom rules, contact lists). Submit test input with script tags and verify if the stored content is rendered without sanitization when viewed by another user.Affected if Stored content is rendered without proper sanitization or encoding
You are affected if Zoho ZeptoMail versions 3.3.1 or earlier are running AND state-changing operations lack CSRF protection AND stored content can be injected with unsanitized script content.
Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.
Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.
From vendor dataImplement anti-CSRF tokens for state-changing operations and enforce strict input validation with context-aware output encoding to prevent XSS injection.
- Consultation3.0 h
- Implementation6.0 h
- Testing4.0 h
- Review / QA2.0 h
An estimate, not a bill — we confirm scope with you before any work starts. Need it this week? Rush from $4,224.
Scan for this in your stack
Free · runs locallyCheck whether your project pulls in CVE-2025-49028 — or any other known-vulnerable package — straight from your lock files. Free and open source; it runs locally and uploads nothing.
References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.
Primary sourcesPractitioner notes
ContributedPeer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-49028 in production — separate from our analysis above.
The advisory tells you what broke. It rarely tells you what actually worked. If you’ve dealt with this one, that detail is what the next engineer is searching for.
- The version that genuinely resolved it — not the one the vendor claimed
- A config change or rule that shut the vector down
- A gotcha in the upgrade path that cost you an afternoon
No notes yet
Be the first to add a field note for this CVE — a mitigation you’ve verified, a version caveat, or a link to a working fix. Sign in above to contribute.
A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.
- Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
- Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
- No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
- No spam, self-promotion, credentials, or personal data