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Cleartext TransmissionWeakness · CWE-319

CVE-2025-52586

MEDIUM · 6.9 CVSS v3.1 Published 2025-08-08
Mitigation only
No fix yet — a mitigation exists. There is no fixed release. A documented workaround reduces exposure in the meantime.
See remediation →
74/100
Remediation priority · Elevated
No privileges Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
The MOD3 command traffic between the monitoring application and the inverter is transmitted in plaintext without encryption or obfuscation. This vulnerability may allow an attacker with access to a local network to intercept, manipulate, replay, or forge critical data, including read/write operations for voltage, current, and power configuration, operational status, alarms, telemetry, system reset, or inverter control commands, potentially disrupting power generation or reconfiguring inverter settings.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · high confidence

The MOD3 protocol traffic between the monitoring application and inverter is transmitted in plaintext without encryption, authentication, or integrity protection. An attacker with local network access can intercept, manipulate, replay, or forge commands affecting voltage, current, power configuration, operational status, alarms, telemetry, system reset, and inverter control operations.

MitigationImplement TLS or equivalent encryption for MOD3 communications, add mutual authentication between endpoints, and incorporate replay protection mechanisms (timestamps/nonces) to secure command transmission.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Local
Complexity
High
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
Low

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Identify MOD3 protocol configuration
    Search configuration files (e.g., inverter config, monitoring app settings, XML/JSON config files) for 'MOD3', 'modbus', or 'protocol' settings. Look for entries defining the communication protocol between monitoring application and inverter.
    Affected if MOD3 protocol is explicitly configured as the communication method between monitoring application and inverter.
  2. Verify encryption settings for MOD3
    Examine configuration files or management interfaces for encryption-related settings such as 'TLS', 'SSL', 'encryption', 'secure', 'certificate', or 'authentication' associated with MOD3 or inverter communications.
    Affected if No TLS, SSL, or encryption settings are found or configured for MOD3 communications (i.e., communications are unencrypted).
  3. Inspect network traffic between endpoints
    Use a network capture tool (e.g., tcpdump, Wireshark) to capture traffic on the local network segment between the monitoring application and inverter. Filter for MOD3/modbus traffic on the relevant port. Verify if the payload is plaintext.
    Affected if Captured MOD3 traffic shows plaintext commands and responses without TLS/SSL encapsulation or encryption.
  4. Check for authentication configuration
    Review configuration files, management UI, or API settings for mutual authentication, client certificates, user credentials, or token-based authentication specifically tied to MOD3 protocol communications.
    Affected if No authentication mechanism (mutual TLS, certificate-based auth, credential validation) is configured for MOD3 communications.
  5. Verify replay protection mechanisms
    Examine protocol settings or documentation for timestamps, nonces, sequence numbers, or session tokens implemented in MOD3 command transmission to prevent replay attacks.
    Affected if No timestamp, nonce, sequence number, or session-based replay protection is found in MOD3 configuration or traffic.

The environment is affected if MOD3 protocol is used for inverter communications and no TLS/SSL encryption, authentication, or replay protection is configured, resulting in plaintext traffic on the local network.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

From vendor data
Mitigation available No clean upgrade yet — mitigate in the meantime
Mitigation

Implement TLS or equivalent encryption for MOD3 communications, add mutual authentication between endpoints, and incorporate replay protection mechanisms (timestamps/nonces) to secure command transmission.

Have this fixed Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation12.0 h
  • Implementation40.0 h
  • Testing20.0 h
  • Review / QA12.0 h
84.0 hours of engineering $14,760
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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-52586 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
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