Stack-based Buffer OverflowWeakness · CWE-121

CVE-2025-7623

MEDIUM · 5.4 CVSS v3.1 Published 2025-11-18
Mitigation only
No fix yet — a mitigation exists. There is no fixed release. A documented workaround reduces exposure in the meantime.
See remediation →
60/100
Remediation priority · Elevated
Remotely reachable Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
Stack-based buffer overflow in the SMASH-CLP shell. An authenticated attacker with SSH access to the BMC can exploit a stack buffer overflow via a crafted SMASH command, overwrite the return address and registers, and achieve arbitrary code execution on the BMC firmware operating system

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · high confidence

Stack-based buffer overflow in the SMASH-CLP shell allows an authenticated attacker with SSH access to the BMC to send a crafted SMASH command that overflows a stack buffer, overwrites return addresses and registers, and achieves arbitrary code execution on the BMC firmware operating system.

MitigationRestrict SSH access to trusted personnel and networks; apply vendor firmware patches when available; consider network isolating BMC interfaces.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
Low
Availability
Low

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Verify SSH access is enabled on the BMC
    Log into the BMC web interface or use IPMI/Redfish to check the SSH service status. From the BMC CLI, run: `ipmitool -I lanplus -H <BMC_IP> -U <user> -P <pass> raw` or check via Redfish endpoint /Managers/1/NetworkProtocol. Alternatively, attempt an SSH connection to the BMC IP on port 22.
    Affected if SSH is enabled and accepts authentication - this is the required attack vector for exploiting this vulnerability
  2. Confirm SMASH-CLP service is exposed
    Check if the SMASH-CLP shell is accessible. This is typically accessed via SSH by invoking a SMASH session after authentication, or via IPMI raw commands. Use: `ssh admin@<BMC_IP>` then run SMASH-CLP commands, or use IPMI raw command to test SMASH availability.
    Affected if SMASH-CLP shell is accessible through the SSH session - this is the vulnerable component
  3. Check BMC firmware version
    Retrieve the BMC firmware version via IPMI: `ipmitool -I lanplus -H <BMC_IP> -U <user> -P <pass> fru edit` or via Redfish: `GET /Managers/1/FirmwareInventory`. Compare against vendor-published affected version ranges once available in the security advisory.
    Affected if The installed firmware version falls within the vendor-identified vulnerable version range (if published in the CVE advisory)
  4. Identify valid BMC user accounts
    List BMC user accounts that have SSH access: `ipmitool -I lanplus -H <BMC_IP> -U <user> -P <pass> user list` or via Redfish /Managers/1/Accounts. Note which users have Administrator or Operator privileges.
    Affected if Any active user account with BMC access exists - authenticated attackers with SSH credentials can exploit the overflow

A user is affected if SSH access to the BMC is enabled and the firmware version matches the vulnerable range, allowing authenticated attackers to trigger the stack overflow via crafted SMASH-CLP commands.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

From vendor data
Mitigation available No clean upgrade yet — mitigate in the meantime
Mitigation

Restrict SSH access to trusted personnel and networks; apply vendor firmware patches when available; consider network isolating BMC interfaces.

Have this fixed Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation6.0 h
  • Implementation12.0 h
  • Testing8.0 h
  • Review / QA4.0 h
30.0 hours of engineering $5,280
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Scan for this in your stack

Free · runs locally
dbcve dependency scanner

Check whether your project pulls in CVE-2025-7623 — or any other known-vulnerable package — straight from your lock files. Free and open source; it runs locally and uploads nothing.

References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-7623 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
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  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
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