CWE-1104Weakness · CWE-1104

CVE-2026-16634

CRITICAL · 9.8 CVSS v3.1 Published 2026-07-24
Mitigation only
No fix yet — a mitigation exists. There is no fixed release. A documented workaround reduces exposure in the meantime.
See remediation →
100/100
Remediation priority · Urgent
Remotely reachable No privileges Zero-click 4 weeks old

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
TOML::XS versions before 0.06 for Perl bundle an unsupported and vulnerable version of tomlc99. The tomlc99 library is no longer maintained, and has an uncontrolled recursion vulnerability publicly reported in the issue tracker. Any caller that passes untrusted TOML to from_toml risks a stack overflow from a deeply-nested document. TOML::XS version 0.06 or later uses the successor tomlc17 library.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · high confidence

TOML::XS Perl module before version 0.06 bundles the unmaintained tomlc99 C library which contains an uncontrolled recursion vulnerability. When the from_toml function processes a deeply-nested TOML document, it triggers excessive recursive calls leading to stack overflow and denial of service.

MitigationUpgrade TOML::XS to version 0.06 or later which replaces the vulnerable tomlc99 with the maintained tomlc17 library. If immediate upgrade is not feasible, do not pass untrusted TOML input to from_toml.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Verify TOML::XS is installed
    Run: perl -MTOML::XS -e 'print TOML::XS->VERSION'
    Affected if The module is not installed or the command fails, meaning TOML::XS is not in use.
  2. Check installed version against vulnerability
    Compare the version output from step 1 to 0.06. Versions before 0.06 are vulnerable.
    Affected if The installed version is lower than 0.06.
  3. Identify TOML parsing usage
    Search codebase for 'use TOML::XS', 'from_toml', or 'TOML::XS->new' to see if TOML::XS is actually being called.
    Affected if No code paths invoke TOML::XS functions, the vulnerability is not reachable.
  4. Check for nested TOML input handling
    Audit any TOML input sources: if user-controlled TOML is parsed with from_toml, deep nesting could trigger the overflow.
    Affected if The application parses untrusted TOML with depth not controlled by the developer.

You are affected if TOML::XS version lower than 0.06 is installed AND your code uses from_toml to parse TOML documents that could contain deeply nested structures.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

dbcve · scoped
Mitigation available No clean upgrade yet — mitigate in the meantime
Mitigation

Upgrade TOML::XS to version 0.06 or later which replaces the vulnerable tomlc99 with the maintained tomlc17 library. If immediate upgrade is not feasible, do not pass untrusted TOML input to from_toml.

Recommended fix High confidence

TOML::XS version 0.06 or later (which uses the tomlc17 library instead of the vulnerable tomlc99)

  1. Check the currently installed version of TOML::XS: perl -MTOML::XS -e 'print $TOML::XS::VERSION'
  2. Upgrade TOML::XS to version 0.06 or later using your Perl module manager (e.g., cpanm TOML::XS or cpan TOML::XS)
  3. Verify the upgraded version is 0.06 or later: perl -MTOML::XS -e 'print $TOML::XS::VERSION'
Caveat The library underlying TOML::XS changed from tomlc99 to tomlc17; review any custom code that may depend on specific tomlc99 behavior

Generated from the published advisory — verify against the referenced sources before acting.

Have this fixed Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation1.0 h
  • Implementation1.0 h
  • Testing2.0 h
  • Review / QA1.0 h
5.0 hours of engineering $860
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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2026-16634 in production — separate from our analysis above.

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