FleetApplication · Fleetdm

CVE-2026-23518

CRITICAL · 9.8 CVSS v3.1 Published 2026-01-21
Fix available
A fix is available. Upgrade to 4.53.3 / 4.75.2 or later.
See remediation →
100/100
Remediation priority · Urgent
Remotely reachable No privileges Zero-click Patch available

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
Fleet is open source device management software. In versions prior to 4.78.3, 4.77.1, 4.76.2, 4.75.2, and 4.53.3, a vulnerability in Fleet's Windows MDM enrollment flow could allow an attacker to submit forged authentication tokens that are not properly validated. Because JWT signatures were not verified, Fleet could accept attacker-controlled identity claims, enabling enrollment of unauthorized devices under arbitrary Azure AD user identities. Versions 4.78.3, 4.77.1, 4.76.2, 4.75.2, and 4.53.3 fix the issue. If an immediate upgrade is not possible, affected Fleet users should temporarily disable Windows MDM.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · high confidence

A critical authentication bypass vulnerability existed in Fleet's Windows MDM enrollment flow where JWT signatures were not validated. This allowed attackers to forge authentication tokens and enroll unauthorized devices under arbitrary Azure AD user identities by submitting attacker-controlled identity claims that Fleet would accept without verification.

MitigationUpgrade Fleet to version 4.78.3, 4.77.1, 4.76.2, 4.75.2, or 4.53.3 or later to implement proper JWT signature verification. If immediate patching is not feasible, temporarily disable Windows MDM enrollment as a compensating control.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

Affected products & versions What the vendor confirmedThe version ranges the vendor confirmed as vulnerable. If your version sits inside a range here, treat yourself as exposed until you have upgraded.

NVD · CPE data
FleetApplication
Affected:< 4.53.3>= 4.75.0, < 4.75.2>= 4.76.0, < 4.76.2>= 4.78.0, < 4.78.3= 4.77.0

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Identify installed Fleet version
    Run 'fleetctl --version' or check the Fleet UI dashboard version indicator, or inspect the Docker container or binary version if self-hosted
    Affected if Version is < 4.53.3, OR >= 4.75.0 and < 4.75.2, OR >= 4.76.0 and < 4.76.2, OR >= 4.78.0 and < 4.78.3, OR exactly 4.77.0
  2. Confirm Windows MDM enrollment is enabled
    Navigate to Fleet settings > MDM settings > Windows MDM, or query the API endpoint /api/v1/fleet/mdm/windows for the windows_mdm_enabled configuration flag
    Affected if Windows MDM enrollment feature is turned on in the Fleet instance
  3. Verify MDM integration configuration
    Check Fleet's MDM settings for Azure AD integration - inspect the MDM Microsoft Graph API registration status and confirm whether the Windows MDM root certificate is configured
    Affected if Windows MDM is configured with Azure AD integration for device enrollment

A Fleet instance is affected if it runs a vulnerable version (listed above) AND has Windows MDM enrollment enabled with Azure AD integration, allowing unauthenticated enrollment via forged JWT tokens.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

dbcve · scoped
Upgrade available Upgrade to 4.53.3 / 4.75.2 / 4.76.2 or later
Fixed in 4.53.34.75.24.76.2
Vendor patch github.com →
Interim mitigation

Upgrade Fleet to version 4.78.3, 4.77.1, 4.76.2, 4.75.2, or 4.53.3 or later to implement proper JWT signature verification. If immediate patching is not feasible, temporarily disable Windows MDM enrollment as a compensating control.

Recommended fix High confidence

Upgrade to 4.78.3 (or 4.77.1, 4.76.2, 4.75.2, or 4.53.3 depending on your current version branch)

  1. 1. Identify the current Fleet version by checking the Fleet dashboard or running `fleetctl version`
  2. 2. Determine which version branch your installation is on (4.53.x, 4.75.x, 4.76.x, or 4.78.x)
  3. 3. For version 4.53.x: Upgrade to version 4.53.3
  4. 4. For version 4.75.x: Upgrade to version 4.75.2
  5. 5. For version 4.76.x: Upgrade to version 4.76.2
  6. 6. For version 4.78.x: Upgrade to version 4.78.3
  7. 7. If upgrading to a fixed release is not immediately possible, disable Windows MDM enrollment as a temporary mitigation via Fleet settings
  8. 8. After upgrading, verify that JWT signature verification is working correctly in the Windows MDM enrollment flow

Generated from the published advisory — verify against the referenced sources before acting.

Fix this in Fleet Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation2.0 h
  • Implementation2.0 h
  • Testing4.0 h
  • Review / QA2.0 h
10.0 hours of engineering $1,720
Get the upgrade done

An estimate, not a bill — we confirm scope with you before any work starts. Need it this week? Rush from $2,752.

Scan for this in your stack

Free · runs locally
dbcve dependency scanner

Check whether your project pulls in CVE-2026-23518 — or any other known-vulnerable package — straight from your lock files. Free and open source; it runs locally and uploads nothing.

References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2026-23518 in production — separate from our analysis above.

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
  • No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
  • No spam, self-promotion, credentials, or personal data