NemuApplication · Xiangshan

CVE-2026-29649

CRITICAL · 9.8 CVSS v3.1 Published 2026-04-20
Patch available
A vendor patch is available. No clean upgrade release — apply the published patch.
See remediation →
100/100
Remediation priority · Urgent
Remotely reachable No privileges Zero-click Patch available

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
NEMU contains an implementation flaw in its RISC-V Hypervisor CSR handling where henvcfg[7:4] (CBIE/CBCFE/CBZE-related fields) is incorrectly masked/updated based on menvcfg[7:4], so a machine-mode write to menvcfg can implicitly modify the hypervisor's environment configuration. This can lead to incorrect enforcement of virtualization configuration and may cause unexpected traps or denial of service when executing cache-block management instructions in virtualized contexts (V=1).

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · moderate confidence

NEMU's RISC-V Hypervisor CSR handling incorrectly updates henvcfg[7:4] (CBIE/CBCFE/CBZE cache-block management fields) based on menvcfg[7:4] values. When machine-mode writes to menvcfg, it implicitly and incorrectly modifies the hypervisor's environment configuration, breaking virtualization isolation for cache-block management instructions when V=1 and potentially causing unexpected traps or denial of service.

MitigationApply the vendor patch to fix the henvcfg/menvcfg masking logic in NEMU's RISC-V hypervisor CSR handling; validate that henvcfg values remain independent of menvcfg writes in virtualized environments.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

Affected products & versions What the vendor confirmedThe version ranges the vendor confirmed as vulnerable. If your version sits inside a range here, treat yourself as exposed until you have upgraded.

NVD · CPE data
NemuApplication
Affected:all versions

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Identify if Xiangshan NEMU is in use
    Check the NEMU version or binary name (e.g., nemu --version, or identify the binary as 'nemu' from Xiangshan)
    Affected if The system runs Xiangshan NEMU emulator for RISC-V
  2. Confirm hypervisor extension is enabled
    Verify the CPU configuration includes the 'H' (hypervisor) extension, typically shown in the ISA string (e.g., rv64gcvh)
    Affected if The hypervisor extension is present and virtual machine mode (V=1) can be used
  3. Read the menvcfg CSR value
    From a RISC-V hart running in machine mode (M-mode), read CSR 0x310 (menvcfg) and note the bits at positions 7:4 (CBIE, CBCFE, CBZE fields)
    Affected if The system is running in M-mode and can read menvcfg
  4. Read the henvcfg CSR value
    From the same hart, read CSR 0x610 (henvcfg) and compare bits 7:4 with menvcfg bits 7:4
    Affected if The hypervisor is implemented and henvcfg is readable
  5. Test for incorrect coupling between CSRs
    Write a new value to menvcfg bits 7:4 from M-mode, then re-read henvcfg bits 7:4 to see if they changed unexpectedly
    Affected if henvcfg[7:4] changes after writing to menvcfg[7:4], indicating the virtualization isolation bug is present

If the system runs Xiangshan NEMU with hypervisor mode enabled and henvcfg[7:4] incorrectly mirrors menvcfg[7:4] changes, the environment is affected by CVE-2026-29649.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

From vendor data
Patch available Apply the vendor patch
Vendor patch github.com →
Interim mitigation

Apply the vendor patch to fix the henvcfg/menvcfg masking logic in NEMU's RISC-V hypervisor CSR handling; validate that henvcfg values remain independent of menvcfg writes in virtualized environments.

Fix this in Nemu Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation4.0 h
  • Implementation8.0 h
  • Testing12.0 h
  • Review / QA4.0 h
28.0 hours of engineering $4,760
Get the patch applied

An estimate, not a bill — we confirm scope with you before any work starts. Need it this week? Rush from $7,616.

Scan for this in your stack

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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2026-29649 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
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