CWE-524Weakness · CWE-524

CVE-2026-40012

MEDIUM · 5.3 CVSS v3.1 Published 2026-06-25
Mitigation only
No fix yet — a mitigation exists. There is no fixed release. A documented workaround reduces exposure in the meantime.
See remediation →
62/100
Remediation priority · Elevated
Remotely reachable No privileges Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
ECS zero scoped answers are stored in the packet cache while they should not. This impacts only configurations that have ECS enabled;

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · moderate confidence

In DNS servers supporting EDNS Client Subnet (ECS), zero-scoped ECS answers (responses that should not be cached based on client subnet) are incorrectly being stored in the packet cache. This can cause incorrect geographically-specific DNS responses to be served to clients with different ECS scopes, as cached responses from one scope are improperly reused for other clients.

MitigationDisable ECS if not needed, or upgrade to the version where the packet cache correctly excludes zero-scoped ECS answers from being stored. Implement ECS scope validation before cache storage.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
Low
Integrity
None
Availability
None

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Identify your DNS server software and version
    Run 'dnsserver -v' or check the package manager (e.g., 'named -v' for BIND, 'knotd -v' for Knot Resolver, 'unbound -v' for Unbound). Compare the version to any vendor-advisored affected ranges.
    Affected if The server version falls within an affected range but the vendor has not yet released a patch for this issue.
  2. Determine if EDNS Client Subnet (ECS) is enabled
    Review the DNS server configuration files (e.g., named.conf for BIND, knot.conf for Knot, unbound.conf for Unbound) for 'edns-client-subnet' or 'ecs' directives. For BIND: check 'options { allow-query { ...; };' and 'ecs' settings. For other servers, search for 'subnet', 'ecs', or 'client-subnet' keywords.
    Affected if ECS is explicitly enabled or configured with any scope prefixes (such as '/0' or '/24').
  3. Verify packet caching is active
    Check the DNS server configuration for cache-related settings. In BIND, look for 'max-cache-size' and 'max-cache-ttl' in the 'options' block. In other servers, look for 'cache', 'packet-cache', or 'response-cache' directives.
    Affected if Packet caching is enabled (the default in most DNS servers), and ECS is also enabled.
  4. Inspect cache behavior for zero-scoped ECS responses
    Enable query logging or packet captures. Make two DNS queries from different source IP subnets for the same domain name while watching cached responses. Look for responses with ECS scope 0 (zero-scoped) being returned to clients in different geographic scopes.
    Affected if Zero-scoped ECS answers appear in packet cache dumps or logs, or clients in different ECS scopes receive identical cached responses for the same query.

You are affected if your DNS server has ECS enabled, uses packet caching, and is running a version where zero-scoped ECS answers are incorrectly being stored in the cache.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

From vendor data
Mitigation available No clean upgrade yet — mitigate in the meantime
Mitigation

Disable ECS if not needed, or upgrade to the version where the packet cache correctly excludes zero-scoped ECS answers from being stored. Implement ECS scope validation before cache storage.

Have this fixed Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation3.0 h
  • Implementation8.0 h
  • Testing6.0 h
  • Review / QA3.0 h
20.0 hours of engineering $3,480
Get help mitigating

An estimate, not a bill — we confirm scope with you before any work starts. Need it this week? Rush from $5,568.

Scan for this in your stack

Free · runs locally
dbcve dependency scanner

Check whether your project pulls in CVE-2026-40012 — or any other known-vulnerable package — straight from your lock files. Free and open source; it runs locally and uploads nothing.

References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2026-40012 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

Be the first to add a field note for this CVE — a mitigation you’ve verified, a version caveat, or a link to a working fix. Sign in above to contribute.

What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
  • No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
  • No spam, self-promotion, credentials, or personal data