CWE-1259Weakness · CWE-1259

CVE-2026-54593

HIGH · 8.1 CVSS v3.1 Published 2026-07-28
Patch available
A vendor patch is available. No clean upgrade release — apply the published patch.
See remediation →
87/100
Remediation priority · High
Remotely reachable Zero-click Patch available 4 weeks old

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
Pterodactyl is a free, open-source game server management panel. Prior to Panel version 1.12.3 and Wings version 1.12.2, the Wings /upload/file endpoint accepted any valid panel-signed JWT that contained server_uuid, user_uuid, and unique_id claims without checking the token's intended purpose; because the Panel issues JWTs carrying those same claims for lower-privilege operations such as WebSocket authentication and file-download links, an authenticated subuser could reuse one of those tokens (for example a WebSocket token obtained with only the websocket.connect permission) by replaying it against /upload/file to write arbitrary files to the same server, despite never being granted the file.create permission. This issue is fixed in Panel version 1.12.3 and Wings version 1.12.2.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · high confidence

This is an authorization bypass vulnerability in Pterodactyl Wings where the /upload/file endpoint accepts any valid panel-signed JWT containing server_uuid, user_uuid, and unique_id claims without verifying the token's intended purpose. An authenticated subuser with only websocket.connect permission can obtain a JWT for a lower-privilege operation and replay it against the file upload endpoint to write arbitrary files, bypassing the file.create permission requirement.

MitigationUpgrade Pterodactyl Panel to version 1.12.3 and Wings to version 1.12.2, which implement proper token purpose validation to ensure JWTs are only accepted by their intended endpoints.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Identify Wings version
    Run 'wings --version' or check the wings binary version on the node
    Affected if Wings version is below 1.12.2
  2. Check if file upload endpoint accepts JWTs
    Review Wings daemon configuration for JWT authentication settings on the /upload/file route
    Affected if JWT validation is enabled without purpose/audience verification
  3. Verify JWT token validation logic
    Inspect the Wings API handler for /upload/file and check if token validation includes purpose or audience claims matching the endpoint
    Affected if JWT validation accepts any valid panel-signed JWT without checking token purpose for the specific endpoint
  4. Test subuser authorization boundary
    As a subuser with only websocket.connect permission, attempt to obtain a JWT and replay it against the /upload/file endpoint
    Affected if The file upload endpoint accepts JWTs intended for websocket operations, bypassing file.create permission check

If Wings version is below 1.12.2 and the upload endpoint accepts JWTs without validating token purpose, the environment is affected by this authorization bypass.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

dbcve · scoped
Patch available Apply the vendor patch
Vendor patch github.com →
Interim mitigation

Upgrade Pterodactyl Panel to version 1.12.3 and Wings to version 1.12.2, which implement proper token purpose validation to ensure JWTs are only accepted by their intended endpoints.

Recommended fix High confidence

Panel 1.12.3 / Wings 1.12.2

  1. Upgrade Pterodactyl Panel to version 1.12.3 or later
  2. Upgrade Pterodactyl Wings to version 1.12.2 or later
  3. After upgrading, verify that JWT tokens are now properly validated for their intended purpose
  4. Confirm that subusers without file.create permission can no longer upload files using WebSocket or file-download tokens

Generated from the published advisory — verify against the referenced sources before acting.

Have this fixed Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation1.0 h
  • Implementation2.0 h
  • Testing2.0 h
  • Review / QA1.0 h
6.0 hours of engineering $1,040
Get the patch applied

An estimate, not a bill — we confirm scope with you before any work starts. Need it this week? Rush from $1,664.

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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2026-54593 in production — separate from our analysis above.

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
  • No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
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