Half LifeApplication · Valve Software

CVE-2002-0964

MEDIUM · 5.0 CVSS v2.0 Published 2002-10-04
Fix available
A fix is available. Upgrade to after 3.1 or later.
See remediation →
59/100
Remediation priority · Elevated
Remotely reachable No privileges Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
Half-Life Server 1.1.1.0 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (resource exhaustion) via multiple responses to the initial challenge with different cd_key values, which reaches the player limit and prevents other players from connecting until the original responses have timed out.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · high confidence

Half-Life Server 1.1.1.0 and earlier contains a flaw in its CD key challenge-response authentication mechanism. Remote attackers can send multiple spoofed authentication responses with different cd_key values to the server's challenge, causing each fake response to consume a player slot. By exhausting all player slots through this method, attackers prevent legitimate players from connecting until the fraudulent connections time out, resulting in resource exhaustion and denial of service.

MitigationUpgrade to a patched version of the Half-Life server if available from the vendor. If no vendor patch exists, implement connection rate limiting and enforce stricter validation on challenge responses at the network level to mitigate abuse.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

Affected products & versions What the vendor confirmedThe version ranges the vendor confirmed as vulnerable. If your version sits inside a range here, treat yourself as exposed until you have upgraded.

NVD · CPE data
Half LifeApplication
Affected:= 1.1.0.4= 1.1.0.8= 1.1.0.9= 1.1.1.0
Half Life Dedicated ServerApplication
Affected:<= 3.1= 3.1.3

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Authentication
None
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
Partial

AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:P

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Identify Half-Life server version
    Run 'hl_version' command if available, or check the server executable's properties/version info. On Linux/SSH, use 'strings hlds' or check the binary metadata for version string.
    Affected if Installed version matches 1.1.0.4, 1.1.0.9, 1.1.1.0 for Half-Life, or <= 3.1 / 3.1.3 for Half-Life Dedicated Server
  2. Verify CD key authentication is enabled
    Check server configuration file (usually server.cfg or the command line startup parameters) for +set cd_key value or look for the absence of sv_lan 1 which forces CD key validation for internet play.
    Affected if CD key validation is enabled (sv_lan is 0 or not set) - this is the default behavior that enables the vulnerable authentication mechanism
  3. Monitor player slot consumption
    Use the 'status' console command on the server or query the server via RCON to see current player count and maxplayers setting. Look for unusual numbers of connections or connections that do not show as fully connected players.
    Affected if Player count reaches maxplayers with many incomplete/phantom connections present, indicating slot exhaustion attack
  4. Check network logs for authentication anomalies
    Review server logs for repeated authentication failures or unusual patterns in cd_key challenge-response activity. Look for many failed or spoofed authentication attempts from the same source.
    Affected if Logs show excessive authentication attempts or many invalid cd_key values being submitted

You are affected if you are running Half-Life Server 1.1.1.0 or earlier, or Half-Life Dedicated Server 3.1.3 or earlier, with CD key authentication enabled (default) and are experiencing slot exhaustion or seeing anomalous authentication patterns.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

From vendor data
Upgrade available Upgrade to a release after 3.1
Interim mitigation

Upgrade to a patched version of the Half-Life server if available from the vendor. If no vendor patch exists, implement connection rate limiting and enforce stricter validation on challenge responses at the network level to mitigate abuse.

Fix this in Half Life Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation2.0 h
  • Implementation4.0 h
  • Testing2.0 h
  • Review / QA1.0 h
9.0 hours of engineering $1,600
Get the upgrade done

An estimate, not a bill — we confirm scope with you before any work starts. Need it this week? Rush from $2,560.

Scan for this in your stack

Free · runs locally
dbcve dependency scanner

Check whether your project pulls in CVE-2002-0964 — or any other known-vulnerable package — straight from your lock files. Free and open source; it runs locally and uploads nothing.

References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2002-0964 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
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