Mac Os XOperating system · Apple

CVE-2018-4478

MEDIUM · 6.8 CVSS v3.1 Published 2021-12-23
Fix available
A fix is available. Upgrade to 10.11.6 / 10.12.6 or later.
See remediation →
73/100
Remediation priority · Elevated
No privileges Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
A validation issue was addressed with improved logic. This issue is fixed in macOS High Sierra 10.13.5, Security Update 2018-003 Sierra, Security Update 2018-003 El Capitan. An attacker with physical access to a device may be able to elevate privileges.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · moderate confidence

This is a validation vulnerability in macOS that allows an attacker with physical access to a device to elevate privileges to root or administrative levels. The issue was addressed through improved validation logic in the affected operating system versions.

MitigationApply the available security updates: macOS High Sierra 10.13.5, Security Update 2018-003 for Sierra, or Security Update 2018-003 for El Capitan. Restrict physical access to sensitive devices as an additional safeguard.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

Affected products & versions What the vendor confirmedThe version ranges the vendor confirmed as vulnerable. If your version sits inside a range here, treat yourself as exposed until you have upgraded.

NVD · CPE data
Mac Os XOperating system
Affected:< 10.13.5>= 10.11, < 10.11.6>= 10.12, < 10.12.6= 10.11.6= 10.12.6

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Physical
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Determine your macOS version
    Click the Apple menu in the top-left corner, select 'About This Mac', and note the version number displayed (e.g., 10.13.4, 10.12.5, 10.11.5). Alternatively, run 'sw_vers -productVersion' in Terminal.
    Affected if The version is below 10.13.5 for High Sierra, below 10.12.6 for Sierra, or below 10.11.6 for El Capitan.
  2. Confirm the exact OS name
    In 'About This Mac', check the OS name (macOS High Sierra, macOS Sierra, or OS X El Capitan) to map it to the correct version range for comparison.
    Affected if Running a version of macOS/OS X that falls within the affected version brackets for your specific OS release.

Your environment is affected if the installed macOS version is below the security update thresholds (10.11.6, 10.12.6, or 10.13.5 depending on your OS release).

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

dbcve · scoped
Upgrade available Upgrade to 10.11.6 / 10.12.6 / 10.13.5 or later
Fixed in 10.11.610.12.610.13.5
Interim mitigation

Apply the available security updates: macOS High Sierra 10.13.5, Security Update 2018-003 for Sierra, or Security Update 2018-003 for El Capitan. Restrict physical access to sensitive devices as an additional safeguard.

Recommended fix High confidence

macOS High Sierra 10.13.5, Security Update 2018-003 Sierra, or Security Update 2018-003 El Capitan (depending on current OS version)

  1. For macOS High Sierra (10.13.x) users: Upgrade to macOS High Sierra 10.13.5 or later via System Preferences > Software Update
  2. For macOS Sierra (10.12.x) users: Apply Security Update 2018-003 Sierra through System Preferences > Software Update
  3. For OS X El Capitan (10.11.x) users: Apply Security Update 2018-003 El Capitan through System Preferences > Software Update
  4. Alternatively, download and install the appropriate security update manually from Apple Support
Caveat Security updates are typically low-risk; upgrading to a newer macOS version may introduce minor UI changes or compatibility issues with older applications

Generated from the published advisory — verify against the referenced sources before acting.

Fix this in Mac Os X Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation1.0 h
  • Implementation2.0 h
  • Testing1.0 h
  • Review / QA1.0 h
5.0 hours of engineering $890
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Scan for this in your stack

Free · runs locally
dbcve dependency scanner

Check whether your project pulls in CVE-2018-4478 — or any other known-vulnerable package — straight from your lock files. Free and open source; it runs locally and uploads nothing.

References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2018-4478 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
  • No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
  • No spam, self-promotion, credentials, or personal data