Windows Server 2012Operating system · Microsoft

CVE-2025-21174

HIGH · 7.5 CVSS v3.1 Published 2025-04-08
Fix available
A fix is available. Upgrade to 10.0.14393.7969 / 10.0.17763.7136 or later.
See remediation →
84/100
Remediation priority · High
Remotely reachable No privileges Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
Uncontrolled resource consumption in Windows Standards-Based Storage Management Service allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · high confidence

Uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability in Windows Standards-Based Storage Management Service enables unauthenticated remote attackers to exhaust service resources and cause denial of service over a network.

MitigationApply Microsoft security updates addressing CVE-2025-21174 to all affected Windows systems; consider network segmentation or firewall rules to limit exposure of the Standards-Based Storage Management Service.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

Affected products & versions What the vendor confirmedThe version ranges the vendor confirmed as vulnerable. If your version sits inside a range here, treat yourself as exposed until you have upgraded.

NVD · CPE data
Windows Server 2012Operating system
Affected:= r2
Windows Server 2016Operating system
Affected:< 10.0.14393.7969
Windows Server 2019Operating system
Affected:< 10.0.17763.7136
Windows Server 2022Operating system
Affected:< 10.0.20348.3453
Windows Server 2025Operating system
Affected:< 10.0.26100.3775

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Check Windows Server version and build number
    Open Command Prompt or PowerShell and run 'winver' or 'systeminfo | findstr /B /C:"OS Name" /C:"OS Version"' to get the exact Windows Server build number
    Affected if The system is running Windows Server 2012 R2, Server 2016, Server 2019, Server 2022, or Server 2025 with a build number below the fixed thresholds (14393.7969, 17763.7136, 20348.3453, or 26100.3775 respectively)
  2. Identify Standards-Based Storage Management Service status
    Open PowerShell and run 'Get-Service -Name SMIService' or 'Get-Service | Where-Object {$_.DisplayName -like "*Storage*Management*"}' to check if the service exists on the system
    Affected if The service is installed and present on the system (the vulnerability applies only when the service is available)
  3. Verify service is running or set to auto-start
    Run 'Get-Service -Name SMIService | Select-Object Name, Status, StartType' in PowerShell to check if the service is currently running or configured to start automatically
    Affected if The service status is Running or StartType is Automatic (the service must be active for an attacker to exploit the resource consumption flaw)
  4. Confirm exposure to network
    Check if the service is bound to network listeners by running 'Get-NetTCPConnection -State Listen | Where-Object {$_.OwningProcess -eq (Get-Process -Name smiservice -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).Id}' or review firewall rules for port 5985/5986 (WinRM) which the service may use
    Affected if The service is listening on network ports or firewall rules allow inbound traffic to storage management ports, enabling remote unauthenticated attackers to trigger resource exhaustion

A system is affected if it runs a vulnerable Windows Server 2012 R2, 2016, 2019, 2022, or 2025 version with build below the fixed thresholds AND has the Standards-Based Storage Management Service enabled and network-accessible.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

dbcve · scoped
Upgrade available Upgrade to 10.0.14393.7969 / 10.0.17763.7136 / 10.0.20348.3453 or later
Fixed in 10.0.14393.796910.0.17763.713610.0.20348.3453
Interim mitigation

Apply Microsoft security updates addressing CVE-2025-21174 to all affected Windows systems; consider network segmentation or firewall rules to limit exposure of the Standards-Based Storage Management Service.

Recommended fix High confidence

Upgrade to the latest cumulative update for your Windows Server version that meets or exceeds: Server 2016 build 10.0.14393.7969, Server 2019 build 10.0.17763.7136, Server 2022 build 10.0.20348.3453, Server 2025 build 10.0.26100.3775. For Server 2012 R2, migrate to a supported version as extended su

  1. Identify the current Windows Server version by running 'winver' or checking System Properties
  2. Determine which Windows Server version is running (2012 R2, 2016, 2019, 2022, or 2025)
  3. For Windows Server 2012 R2: Microsoft has ended extended support; migrate to a supported Windows Server version
  4. For Windows Server 2016: Apply Windows Update KB5018506 or later, which includes build 10.0.14393.7969 or higher
  5. For Windows Server 2019: Apply Windows Update KB5018507 or later, which includes build 10.0.17763.7136 or higher
  6. For Windows Server 2022: Apply Windows Update KB5018482 or later, which includes build 10.0.20348.3453 or higher
  7. For Windows Server 2025: Apply the latest Windows Update to reach build 10.0.26100.3775 or higher
  8. Verify the update was successful by checking the build number in System Properties
Caveat Standard Windows cumulative update process; no expected breaking changes for this security update. Ensure standard backup and testing procedures are followed before production deployment.

Generated from the published advisory — verify against the referenced sources before acting.

Fix this in Windows Server 2012 Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation2.0 h
  • Implementation1.0 h
  • Testing2.0 h
  • Review / QA1.0 h
6.0 hours of engineering $1,060
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Scan for this in your stack

Free · runs locally
dbcve dependency scanner

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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-21174 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
  • No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
  • No spam, self-promotion, credentials, or personal data