dbcve.org
SafariWeb browser · Apple

CVE-2025-31223

HIGH · 8.0 CVSS v3.1 Published 2025-05-12
Fix available
A fix is available. Upgrade to 2.5 / 11.5 or later.
See remediation →
84/100
Remediation priority · High
Remotely reachable

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in Safari 18.5, iOS 18.5 and iPadOS 18.5, macOS Sequoia 15.5, tvOS 18.5, visionOS 2.5, watchOS 11.5. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to memory corruption.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · moderate confidence

Memory corruption vulnerability in WebKit's rendering engine that can be triggered by processing maliciously crafted web content. The fix involved adding improved validation checks, likely to prevent out-of-bounds memory access or similar memory safety violations that could lead to arbitrary code execution.

MitigationApply vendor-supplied security updates: update Safari to 18.5, iOS/iPadOS to 18.5, macOS to Sequoia 15.5, tvOS to 18.5, visionOS to 2.5, and watchOS to 11.5.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

Affected products & versions What the vendor confirmedThe version ranges the vendor confirmed as vulnerable. If your version sits inside a range here, treat yourself as exposed until you have upgraded.

NVD · CPE data
SafariWeb browser
Affected:< 18.5
IpadosOperating system
Affected:< 18.5
Iphone OsOperating system
Affected:< 18.5
macOSOperating system
Affected:< 15.5
TvosOperating system
Affected:< 18.5
VisionosOperating system
Affected:< 2.5
WatchosOperating system
Affected:< 11.5

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges
Low
User interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Check macOS version
    Open System Settings > General > About, or run 'sw_vers -productVersion' in Terminal
    Affected if Version is below 15.5
  2. Check Safari version on macOS
    Open Safari > About Safari, or check WebKit version in Safari's version information
    Affected if Safari version is below 18.5 (corresponds to WebKit vulnerable version)
  3. Check iOS or iPadOS version
    Open Settings > General > About on the device
    Affected if Version is below 18.5
  4. Check tvOS, watchOS, or visionOS version
    Open Settings > General > About on the Apple TV, Apple Watch, or Apple Vision Pro
    Affected if tvOS version is below 18.5, watchOS version is below 11.5, or visionOS version is below 2.5

A user is affected if any of their Apple operating systems or Safari browsers are running a version lower than the fixed releases (macOS 15.5, iOS/iPadOS/tvOS/watchOS/visionOS 18.5 or 11.5, Safari 18.5).

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

dbcve · scoped
Upgrade available Upgrade to 2.5 / 11.5 / 15.5 or later
Fixed in 2.511.515.5
Interim mitigation

Apply vendor-supplied security updates: update Safari to 18.5, iOS/iPadOS to 18.5, macOS to Sequoia 15.5, tvOS to 18.5, visionOS to 2.5, and watchOS to 11.5.

Recommended fix High confidence

Upgrade to Safari 18.5, iOS 18.5, iPadOS 18.5, macOS Sequoia 15.5, tvOS 18.5, visionOS 2.5, or watchOS 11.5 (as applicable to your device)

  1. Check current version: On iOS/iPadOS go to Settings > General > About, on macOS go to Apple menu > About This Mac, on tvOS/watchOS/visionOS go to Settings > General > About, or in Safari go to Safari > About Safari
  2. Update iOS/iPadOS: Go to Settings > General > Software Update and install iOS/iPadOS 18.5 or later
  3. Update macOS: Go to Apple menu > About This Mac > Software Update and install macOS Sequoia 15.5 or later
  4. Update Safari: Safari 18.5 is included with the OS updates above; for separate Safari updates use Software Update
  5. Update tvOS: Go to Settings > General > Software Update and install tvOS 18.5 or later
  6. Update watchOS: Go to Settings > General > Software Update on iPhone paired with Apple Watch, or on Apple Watch go to Settings > General > Software Update and install watchOS 11.5 or later
  7. Update visionOS: Go to Settings > General > Software Update and install visionOS 2.5 or later
Caveat Standard OS/browser update risks apply; review release notes for known issues before updating production systems

Generated from the published advisory — verify against the referenced sources before acting.

Fix this in Safari Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation4.0 h
  • Implementation8.0 h
  • Testing6.0 h
  • Review / QA2.0 h
20.0 hours of engineering $3,500
Get the upgrade done

An estimate, not a bill — we confirm scope with you before any work starts. Need it this week? Rush from $5,600.

Scan for this in your stack

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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-31223 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
  • No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
  • No spam, self-promotion, credentials, or personal data