macOSOperating system · Apple

CVE-2025-31280

HIGH · 7.8 CVSS v3.1 Published 2025-07-30
Fix available
A fix is available. Upgrade to 15.6 or later.
See remediation →
81/100
Remediation priority · High
No privileges

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.6. Processing a maliciously crafted file may lead to heap corruption.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · high confidence

Memory corruption vulnerability in macOS Sequoia 15.6 where processing a maliciously crafted file leads to heap corruption due to inadequate memory validation during file parsing operations.

MitigationApply macOS Sequoia 15.6 or later security update to address the memory validation issue. Avoid opening untrusted or unsolicited files from unknown sources.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

Affected products & versions What the vendor confirmedThe version ranges the vendor confirmed as vulnerable. If your version sits inside a range here, treat yourself as exposed until you have upgraded.

NVD · CPE data
macOSOperating system
Affected:< 15.6

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Local
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Check installed macOS version
    Run 'sw_vers -productVersion' in Terminal or go to System Settings > General > About to view the macOS version
    Affected if The version is below 15.6 (for example, 15.5, 15.4, 15.3, etc.)
  2. Identify file parsing components in use
    Review any third-party or built-in applications that process external files, particularly those that automatically open or parse attachments, documents, or media files
    Affected if Applications that automatically parse untrusted files are enabled or configured on the system
  3. Check for automatic file handling
    Examine macOS settings for apps that automatically open or preview files, such as Mail attachments, Safari downloads, or Quick Look thumbnail generation
    Affected if Automatic file preview or parsing features are enabled for incoming or untrusted files
  4. Audit file import pathways
    Identify services or daemons that accept file input, such as cloud sync clients, document converters, or media importers
    Affected if The system has software that imports or parses files from untrusted or unknown sources

The system is affected if it runs macOS version lower than 15.6 and processes maliciously crafted files through any file parsing functionality.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

dbcve · scoped
Upgrade available Upgrade to 15.6 or later
Fixed in 15.6
Interim mitigation

Apply macOS Sequoia 15.6 or later security update to address the memory validation issue. Avoid opening untrusted or unsolicited files from unknown sources.

Recommended fix High confidence

macOS Sequoia 15.6

  1. Open Apple menu > About This Mac to verify current macOS version
  2. Back up important data using Time Machine or another backup solution
  3. Open System Settings > General > Software Update
  4. Install the macOS Sequoia 15.6 update when available
  5. Restart the computer when prompted to complete the installation

Generated from the published advisory — verify against the referenced sources before acting.

Fix this in macOS Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation1.0 h
  • Implementation2.0 h
  • Testing1.0 h
  • Review / QA1.0 h
5.0 hours of engineering $890
Get the upgrade done

An estimate, not a bill — we confirm scope with you before any work starts. Need it this week? Rush from $1,424.

Scan for this in your stack

Free · runs locally
dbcve dependency scanner

Check whether your project pulls in CVE-2025-31280 — or any other known-vulnerable package — straight from your lock files. Free and open source; it runs locally and uploads nothing.

References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-31280 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
  • No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
  • No spam, self-promotion, credentials, or personal data