macOSOperating system · Apple

CVE-2025-43381

MEDIUM · 5.5 CVSS v3.1 Published 2025-12-12
Fix available
A fix is available. Upgrade to 26.1 or later.
See remediation →
57/100
Remediation priority · Elevated
Zero-click

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
This issue was addressed with improved handling of symlinks. This issue is fixed in macOS Tahoe 26.1. A malicious app may be able to delete protected user data.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis · moderate confidence

A vulnerability in macOS Tahoe 26.1 involving improper symlink handling allows a malicious application to delete protected user data. The flaw permits symlink-based path traversal or manipulation that bypasses intended file protection boundaries.

MitigationUpdate to macOS Tahoe 26.1 or later to obtain the fixed version. As a defense-in-depth measure, restrict application permissions and monitor for suspicious file deletion operations.

Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.

Affected products & versions What the vendor confirmedThe version ranges the vendor confirmed as vulnerable. If your version sits inside a range here, treat yourself as exposed until you have upgraded.

NVD · CPE data
macOSOperating system
Affected:< 26.1

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Local
Complexity
Low
Privileges
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
High
Availability
None

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.

dbcve checks

Work through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.

  1. Check installed macOS version
    Open System Settings > General > About, or run 'sw_vers' in Terminal. Compare the macOS version number to 26.1.
    Affected if The installed macOS version is lower than 26.1 (e.g., 25.x, 24.x, etc.).
  2. Identify applications with broad file access
    Go to System Settings > Privacy & Security > Files and Folders (or similar in System Preferences). Review which applications have been granted read/write access to user data folders.
    Affected if Applications have broad or unnecessary file access permissions to protected user directories (Documents, Desktop, etc.).
  3. Review application permissions for symlink-prone paths
    Check which applications have permissions to access folders that commonly contain user data and may be subject to symlink manipulation.
    Affected if Applications with broad access to user-writable directories are present and have not been restricted.
  4. Audit for suspicious symlinks in protected directories
    Run 'ls -la' on sensitive directories like ~/Documents, ~/Desktop, ~/Downloads to identify any unexpected symlinks pointing outside their expected paths.
    Affected if Unexpected symlinks exist that traverse outside protected user directories.

The environment is likely affected if the installed macOS version is below 26.1 AND applications with broad file permissions exist that could exploit symlink-based path traversal to delete protected user data.

Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.

Check your environment

Paste your version and any relevant configuration and it will be compared against the affected criteria above. Do not include secrets or credentials.

AI-assisted, checked against the advisory. Informational, not a guarantee.

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

dbcve · scoped
Upgrade available Upgrade to 26.1 or later
Fixed in 26.1
Interim mitigation

Update to macOS Tahoe 26.1 or later to obtain the fixed version. As a defense-in-depth measure, restrict application permissions and monitor for suspicious file deletion operations.

Recommended fix High confidence

macOS Tahoe 26.1

  1. Check your current macOS version by clicking the Apple menu and selecting About This Mac
  2. Back up important data before performing any system upgrade
  3. Upgrade to macOS Tahoe 26.1 or later by opening System Settings > General > Software Update
  4. Ensure the upgrade completes successfully and verify the new version in About This Mac

Generated from the published advisory — verify against the referenced sources before acting.

Fix this in macOS Scoped from the published advisory
  • Consultation2.0 h
  • Implementation8.0 h
  • Testing4.0 h
  • Review / QA2.0 h
16.0 hours of engineering $2,800
Get the upgrade done

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Scan for this in your stack

Free · runs locally
dbcve dependency scanner

Check whether your project pulls in CVE-2025-43381 — or any other known-vulnerable package — straight from your lock files. Free and open source; it runs locally and uploads nothing.

References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2025-43381 in production — separate from our analysis above.

No notes yet

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What this is

A place for practitioners to share what actually worked: a mitigation you’ve tested, a configuration change, a version- or environment-specific caveat, or a link to a verified patch. The most useful notes rise to the top as peers upvote them, so the signal stays high.

What belongs here
  • Verified mitigations, workarounds, and config changes
  • Version or environment caveats, and links to real fixes
  • No weaponised exploit code, or anything meant to cause harm
  • No spam, self-promotion, credentials, or personal data