Linux KernelOperating system · Linux

CVE-2026-23111

HIGH · 7.8 CVSS v3.1 Published 2026-02-13
Fix available
A fix is available. Upgrade to 4.20 / 5.5 or later.
See remediation →
80/100
Remediation priority · High
Zero-click Patch available

Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.

NVD · unedited
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nf_tables: fix inverted genmask check in nft_map_catchall_activate() nft_map_catchall_activate() has an inverted element activity check compared to its non-catchall counterpart nft_mapelem_activate() and compared to what is logically required. nft_map_catchall_activate() is called from the abort path to re-activate catchall map elements that were deactivated during a failed transaction. It should skip elements that are already active (they don't need re-activation) and process elements that are inactive (they need to be restored). Instead, the current code does the opposite: it skips inactive elements and processes active ones. Compare the non-catchall activate callback, which is correct: nft_mapelem_activate(): if (nft_set_elem_active(ext, iter->genmask)) return 0; /* skip active, process inactive */ With the buggy catchall version: nft_map_catchall_activate(): if (!nft_set_elem_active(ext, genmask)) continue; /* skip inactive, process active */ The consequence is that when a DELSET operation is aborted, nft_setelem_data_activate() is never called for the catchall element. For NFT_GOTO verdict elements, this means nft_data_hold() is never called to restore the chain->use reference count. Each abort cycle permanently decrements chain->use. Once chain->use reaches zero, DELCHAIN succeeds and frees the chain while catchall verdict elements still reference it, resulting in a use-after-free. This is exploitable for local privilege escalation from an unprivileged user via user namespaces + nftables on distributions that enable CONFIG_USER_NS and CONFIG_NF_TABLES. Fix by removing the negation so the check matches nft_mapelem_activate(): skip active elements, process inactive ones.

Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.

dbcve analysis
How this class of weakness works · CWE-416

Memory is used after it has been freed, so its contents — now potentially attacker-controlled — drive the program's behaviour. With careful heap grooming this becomes code execution. The fix requires disciplined ownership of memory and often a targeted rework of the object lifecycle.

General guidance for the use after free class — the official description and references above are authoritative for this specific CVE. Want a bespoke review and a reviewed fix? Ask our team →

Affected products & versions What the vendor confirmedThe version ranges the vendor confirmed as vulnerable. If your version sits inside a range here, treat yourself as exposed until you have upgraded.

NVD · CPE data
Linux KernelOperating system
Affected:>= 4.19.316, < 4.20>= 5.4.262, < 5.5>= 5.10.188, < 5.11>= 5.15.121, < 5.15.200>= 6.1.36, < 6.1.163>= 6.3.10, < 6.4>= 6.4.1, < 6.6.124>= 6.7, < 6.12.70>= 6.13, < 6.18.10= 6.4= 6.19

CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.

From the vector
Attack vector
Local
Complexity
Low
Privileges
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.

dbcve · scoped
Upgrade available Upgrade to 4.20 / 5.5 / 5.11 or later
Fixed in 4.205.55.11
Vendor patch git.kernel.org →
Recommended fix High confidence

Upgrade to kernel 4.20 or later (for 4.19.x users), 5.5 or later (for 5.4.x users), 5.11 or later (for 5.10.x users), or 5.16 or later (for 5.15.x users)

  1. 1. Identify the currently running kernel version using 'uname -r'
  2. 2. Check if the version falls within any of the affected ranges: >= 4.19.316 and < 4.20, >= 5.4.262 and < 5.5, >= 5.10.188 and < 5.11, >= 5.15.121 and < 5.15.200
  3. 3. For affected systems, apply the vendor patch from commit 1444ff890b4653add12f734ffeffc173d42862dd or upgrade to a fixed kernel release
  4. 4. The patch modifies the condition in nft_map_catchall_activate(): change 'if (!nft_set_elem_active(ext, genmask))' to 'if (nft_set_elem_active(ext, genmask))' to remove the inverted logic
  5. 5. Rebuild and deploy the kernel, then reboot into the fixed version
Caveat Kernel upgrades may introduce compatibility changes with external modules or custom drivers; ensure all kernel modules are rebuilt for the new version

Generated from the published advisory — verify against the referenced sources before acting.

We can perform the upgrade in your staging environment and verify nothing breaks — typical engagement from $3,200. Get the upgrade done

Scan for this in your stack

Free · runs locally
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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.

Primary sources

Practitioner notes

Contributed

Peer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2026-23111 in production — separate from our analysis above.

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