CVE-2026-53360
Official description Straight from the sourceThe vendor's or NVD's own wording, published unedited. Authoritative, but often terse — it says what broke, rarely what to do.
NVD · uneditedIn the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: KVM: SEV: Require in-GHCB scratch area if GHCB v2+ is in use As per the GHCB spec, when using GHCB v2+ require the software scratch area to reside in the GHCB's shared buffer. Note, things like Page State Change (PSC) requests _rely_ on this behavior, as the guest can't provide a length when making the request, i.e. the size of the guest payload is bounded by the size of the shared buffer. Failure to force usage of the GHCB, and a slew of other flaws, lets a malicious SNP guest corrupt host kernel heap memory, and leak host heap layout information. setup_vmgexit_scratch() allocates a buffer via kvzalloc(exit_info_2), where exit_info_2 is guest-controlled. With exit_info_2=24, this yields a 24-byte allocation in kmalloc-cg-32 (32-byte slab objects). The buffer holds an 8-byte psc_hdr followed by 8-byte psc_entry structs, so only entries[0] and entries[1] are in-bounds. snp_begin_psc() validates end_entry against VMGEXIT_PSC_MAX_COUNT (253) but NOT against the actual buffer size: idx_end = hdr->end_entry; if (idx_end >= VMGEXIT_PSC_MAX_COUNT) { // checks 253, not buffer snp_complete_psc(svm, ...); return 1; } for (idx = idx_start; idx <= idx_end; idx++) { entry_start = entries[idx]; // OOB when idx >= 2 The guest sets end_entry=10+, causing the host to iterate entries[2+] which are OOB into adjacent slab objects. For each OOB entry: - The host reads 8 bytes (OOB READ / info leak oracle) - If the data passes PSC validation, __snp_complete_one_psc() writes cur_page = 1 or 512 into the entry (OOB WRITE, sev.c:3806) - If validation fails, the error response reveals whether adjacent memory is zero vs non-zero (information disclosure to guest) The guest controls allocation size (exit_info_2), entry range (cur_entry/end_entry), and can fire unlimited VMGEXITs to repeatedly hit different slab positions. By exploiting the variety of bugs, a malicious SEV-SNP guest can: - OOB read adjacent kmalloc-cg-32 objects (heap layout disclosure) - OOB write cur_page bits into adjacent objects (heap corruption) - Trigger use-after-free conditions across VMGEXITs E.g. with KASAN enabled, a single insmod of the PoC guest module produces 73 KASAN reports: BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in snp_begin_psc+0x126/0x890 Read of size 8 at addr ffff888219ffb5e0 by task qemu-system-x86/2199 BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in snp_begin_psc+0x468/0x890 Write of size 8 at addr ffff888351566648 by task qemu-system-x86/2199 The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff888XXXXXXXXX which belongs to the cache kmalloc-cg-32 of size 32 The buggy address is located N bytes to the right of allocated 32-byte region [ffff888XXXXXXXXX, ffff888XXXXXXXXX) Breakdown: 62 slab-out-of-bounds (reads + writes past allocation) 7 slab-use-after-free 4 use-after-free All credit to Stan for the wonderful description and reproducer! [sean: write changelog]
Technical summary Written by usOur analysis, written from the advisory, the CVSS vector and the affected-version data. It adds context the advisory leaves out, and never invents facts that are not in the source.
dbcve analysis · high confidenceKVM SEV vulnerability where a malicious SEV-SNP guest can trigger heap corruption and information disclosure. The bug occurs because setup_vmgexit_scratch() allocates a buffer sized by guest-controlled exit_info_2, but snp_begin_psc() only validates end_entry against VMGEXIT_PSC_MAX_COUNT (253) instead of the actual buffer size. Guest sets end_entry >= 2 to cause OOB reads/writes into adjacent kmalloc-cg-32 slab objects.
Verify against the referenced sources before acting — the references below are authoritative for this CVE, this summary is not.
Affected products & versions What the vendor confirmedThe version ranges the vendor confirmed as vulnerable. If your version sits inside a range here, treat yourself as exposed until you have upgraded.
NVD · CPE data>= 6.10, < 6.12.93>= 6.13, < 6.18.35>= 6.19, < 7.0.12= 7.1CVSS breakdown How the score is builtThe industry scoring standard. It rates how the flaw is reached, what it takes to exploit, and what an attacker gains — the score is derived from those, not the other way round.
From the vector- Attack vector
- Local
- Complexity
- Low
- Privileges
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Changed
- Confidentiality
- High
- Integrity
- High
- Availability
- High
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Am I affected? How to checkSteps we derive from the advisory and the affected-version data, so you can decide whether this CVE reaches your setup. They are a guide, not a scan — your own configuration is the authority.
dbcve checksWork through these to decide whether this CVE applies to you.
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Check kernel version for SEV-SNP supportRun 'uname -r' and compare against kernel versions that include SEV-SNP and the vulnerability fix; check /proc/version for full version stringAffected if Running an affected kernel version (prior to patch) with SEV-SNP enabled
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Verify KVM kernel module is loadedRun 'lsmod | grep kvm' or check /sys/module/kvm/parameters to confirm KVM modules are activeAffected if KVM module is loaded and SEV/SEV-SNP functionality is in use
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Confirm SEV-SNP is enabled in kernel boot parametersCheck /proc/cmdline or 'cat /sys/kernel/mm/sev_guest/active' or inspect boot config for 'sev-snp' or 'kvm_amd.sev=1' parametersAffected if SEV or SEV-SNP is enabled via kernel boot parameters (sev= or sev-snp=)
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Verify GHCB version in useInspect guest configuration files or libvirt XML definitions for 'sev' or 'sev-snp' guest attributes; check if 'ghcb_version' or similar v2+ indicators are presentAffected if Guests are configured with SEV-SNP using GHCB v2 or higher (the vulnerability applies specifically to GHCB v2+)
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Check for presence of vulnerable snp_begin_psc functionInspect /sys/kernel/debug/kvm/ or examine kernel symbols via 'cat /proc/kallsyms | grep snp_begin_psc' to confirm the vulnerable code path existsAffected if The vulnerable functions (setup_vmgexit_scratch, snp_begin_psc) are present without the bounds-checking fix
You are affected if running a vulnerable kernel version with SEV-SNP enabled and guests utilizing GHCB v2+ are in operation.
Generated from the published advisory. Verify against your own configuration.
Remediation Closing itWhat it takes to close this. Where a vendor fix exists we point at it; where none exists we say so plainly, and can build one. Effort estimates are scoped from the advisory, not from your codebase.
dbcve · scoped6.12.936.18.357.0.12
Apply kernel patch to enforce GHCB scratch area usage per spec and add proper bounds validation against actual buffer size before iterating PSC entries.
Linux kernel version containing the commit that enforces GHCB scratch area validation for GHCB v2+ (check git.kernel.org for the specific merged commit)
- Identify the currently running Linux kernel version using `uname -r`
- Check if the kernel includes KVM SEV (AMD SEV) support - the vulnerability only affects SEV and SEV-SNP configurations
- Update to a kernel version that includes the fix for this vulnerability. The fix is titled 'KVM: SEV: Require in-GHCB scratch area if GHCB v2+ is in use'
- After kernel update, reboot the host system to load the patched kernel
- Verify the fix is applied by checking the kernel version and reviewing the specific commit in the kernel source if needed
Generated from the published advisory — verify against the referenced sources before acting.
- Consultation8.0 h
- Implementation24.0 h
- Testing16.0 h
- Review / QA8.0 h
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References Go to the primary sourcePrimary sources — vendor advisories, patches and trackers. Where our summary and a reference disagree, the reference wins.
Primary sourcesPractitioner notes
ContributedPeer-ranked notes from engineers who’ve handled CVE-2026-53360 in production — separate from our analysis above.
The advisory tells you what broke. It rarely tells you what actually worked. If you’ve dealt with this one, that detail is what the next engineer is searching for.
- The version that genuinely resolved it — not the one the vendor claimed
- A config change or rule that shut the vector down
- A gotcha in the upgrade path that cost you an afternoon
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